谁在读中职:家庭背景和学业表现的影响

Who Choose Secondary Vocational Education:Effects of Family Socioeconomic Status and Academic Performance

探究个体选择中等职业教育的影响机制对于破解“普教热、职教冷”的困境,推动国家发展职业教育的战略规划具有重要的政策意涵。基于对中国家庭跟踪调查(CFPS2010—2020)的分析发现:家庭社会经济地位、学业表现和学业投入均对个体初中毕业后的教育选择有显著影响,但在不同的教育选择中,两者分别发挥着不同的作用。在普通高中与中等职业教育的分流中,以学业表现和学业投入为代表的能力逻辑是最主要的选择机制,家庭社会经济地位的影响居于次要地位;而在中等职业教育与退出教育系统的选择中,家庭社会经济地位的影响要大于学业表现的影响,学业表现并不是选择中职或退出教育系统的首要因素。故此,如何提高中等职业教育对学生和家长的吸引力,是发展职业教育的重要前提。

Exploring the micro-mechanisms of individual choices of secondary vocational education has important policy implications for solving the dilemma of“popular general education and unpopular vocational education”,in order to promote the national strategic plan of developing vocational education.Based on the analysis of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS 2010—2020),we find that:family socioeconomic status,academic performance and academic engagement all have significant impacts on junior high school graduates'educational choices,but each plays a different role in different educational choices.Firstly,in the educational track between general senior secondary schools and secondary vocational education,the logic of competence,represented by academic performance and academic engagement,is the dominant selection mechanism,and the influence of family socioeconomic status is of secondary importance.Secondly,in the choices between secondary vocational education and withdrawing from the education system,the influence of family socioeconomic status is greater than that of academic performance,and the academic performance is not the primary factor in choosing secondary vocational education or withdrawing from the education system.Therefore,improving the attractiveness of secondary vocational education to students and their parents is an important prerequisite for the development of vocational education.