犯罪预防、被害人保护与犯罪追诉权配置——以《刑法修正案(十二)》为背景

Crime Prevention, Victim Protection and Allocation of Right to ProsecuteCrime: Amendment (Ⅻ) to the Chinese Criminal Law as Background

《刑法修正案(十二)》引发了有关亲告罪设置范围的讨论。当前支撑国家追诉原则的“公共利益”,在法益侵害的框架下理解,混入了不具有法益资格的宏大概念,且犯罪与法益之间的事实关联常被替换为被害人的主观联想;在犯罪预防的意义上理解,则会导致过度主观化、情绪化。犯罪追诉权的配置是一个权衡问题,如果犯罪仅侵犯个人法益,追诉犯罪可能反噬被害人的利益,且预防犯罪的利益并非明显优于被害人因犯罪追诉而被侵蚀的利益,就应当将犯罪追诉权配置给被害人。立法未将民营企业内部犯罪规定为亲告罪,但应当根据立法目的对相关规定作合目的性改造,将其追诉权配置给被害企业。

Amendment(Ⅻ)to the Chinese Criminal Law has inspired a discussion on the scope of criminal offence prosecuted only upon application by the victim.Currently,the“public interest”,as basic of state prosecution,is either mingled with grand concepts that do not have the qualification of Rechtsgut in the sense of criminal outcome,whereby connection between crime and legal interests often replaced by imagination of becoming victims,or understood as necessity of crime prevention,which is socially and emotionally over-charged.When crime only infringes on individual interest,prosecution of the crime may backfire the victim,and the interest of crime prevention do not significantly overweigh the interests of the victims being threatened by the prosecution,the right to prosecute should be allocated to the victims.Amendment(Ⅻ)to the Chinese Criminal Law did not grand the right of prosecution of internal crimes against private enterprises.It is necessary to reallocate it to the infringed private enterprises through teleological text interpretation.