论我国最低刑事责任年龄规定的规范适用

A Study on the Normative Application of the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in China

《刑法修正案(十一)》附条件地降低了最低刑事责任年龄,《刑法》第17条第3款的适用应持谨慎态度,类案中对情节恶劣的判断应当坚持主客观综合评价的标准。最高人民检察院核准追诉仅是程序条件,是否负刑事责任仍应当由法院判决确定。核准追诉应当以不核准为原则,以核准为例外,具体应当重点考察除前几项条件以外的能够不核准的事由。对已满12周岁不满14周岁被核准追诉的被告人裁判时,应当同时适用《刑法》第49条和第17条第4款的规定,不能判处死刑或无期徒刑。在低龄未成年人犯罪的案件中,刑法的公平正义并不全部体现于对犯罪人的惩罚与保护,也有部分体现于安抚被害人的情绪,需要构建更加全面的被害人安抚制度。未成年人司法应避免被情绪干扰,以确保实质正义的实现。

The"Amendment XI to the Criminal Law"conditionally lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility.The application of Article 17,paragraph 3 of the Criminal Law should be approached with caution.Judgments on cases with severe circumstances should adhere to the standard of comprehensive evaluation from both subjective and objective aspects.The approval of prosecution by the Supreme People's Procuratorate is merely a procedural condition,and whether criminal responsibility should be borne should still be determined by the court's judgment.Approval of prosecution should be based on the principle of non-approval,with approval as the exception.Specific focus should be placed on the reasons for non-approval,excluding the conditions mentioned earlier.When sentencing defendants who are over 12 but under 14 years old and have been approved for prosecution,both Article 49 and Article 17,paragraph 4 of the Criminal Law should be applied concurrently,and the death penalty or life imprisonment should not be imposed.In cases of juvenile crime,the fairness and justice of the Criminal Law are not only reflected in the punishment and protection of the offenders but also in soothing the emotions of the victims.It is necessary to establish a more comprehensive system for soothing victims.Juvenile justice should avoid emotional bias to ensure the realization of substantive justice.