乐舞表演“场景”中的民族交往交流交融——基于贵州雷山黄里村、大龙村苗族鼓藏节的田野考察

Ethnic Interaction, Communication and Integration in the “Scenes” of Music and Dance Performance: A Fieldwork of Miao People’s Guzang Festival in Huangli Village and Dalong Village of Leishan County, Guizhou Province

贵州雷山县黄里村、大龙村鼓藏节节庆文化空间中的乐舞表演由村寨建筑(有形客体)、芦笙场(文化设施)、歌舞活动(艺术实践)、各身份人群(多样性人群)构成,这四项客观结构要素与“戏剧性”“真实性”“合法性”三个主维度及其十五个子维度的主观认识要素之间相互驱动、协同,促成了该节庆活动中“起芦笙”“讨花带”“跳篝火”三种核心的乐舞表演场景类型。这些场景直观地体现了各类乐舞交织的形态,同时作为各身份人群共建、共享、共融的互动空间,是各民族交往交流交融的生动表征与文化缩影。多样性人群通过身体实践以期待的、想象的且关涉到实质空间的、与他人交流的方式去思考、行动、抉择,在鲜活的体验与共同的表演中随乐舞表演场景的变化逐渐深入,因而各民族交往交流交融在该过程中表现出从“圈层扩展”到“互嵌互融”,再到“多元碰撞”的递进特征,并形成多元主体间连续的、稳定的社会交往。

The music and dance performances in the cultural space of the Guzang Festival in Huangli Village and Dalong Village of Leishan County,Guizhou Province,consists of village buildings(physical structures),Lusheng square(cultural facilities),singing and dancing activities(artistic practices),and people with diverse identities(personal labels).These four objective structural elements are mutually driven and coordinated with the subjective cognitive elements of the three main dimensions of“theatricality”,“authenticity”,and“legitimacy”and their fifteen sub-dimensions,which have facilitated the three core types of performance scenes for music and dance in the festival,namely“Qi-Lusheng”(music and dance performance accompanied by the musical instrument Lusheng),“Tao-Huadai”(courtship and seeking for a token of love),and“Tiao-Gouhuo”(Dancing around the bonfire).These scenes intuitively reflect the interweaving of various forms of music and dance,and serve as interactive spaces for the mutual construction,sharing and integration of various ethnic groups.They are the vivid representations and cultural epitomes of interaction,communication and integration among different ethnic groups.Diverse groups of people think,act,and make choices through physical practice in a way that involves anticipation,imagination,and substantive space,and communication with others.The vivid experiences and communal performances gradually get deepened with the changes of scenes in music and dance performance.Therefore,the communication and integration of various ethnic groups display a progressive feature from“circle-layer expansion”to“embedment and integration”,and then to“multiple collisions”in this process and thus forms a continuous and stable social interaction among diverse subjects.