滴灌条件下灌水量对冬小麦、夏玉米周年水分利用的影响

Impact of Different Irrigation Amounts on Annual Water Utilization of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Under Drip Irrigation

为探明滴灌条件下灌水量对小麦、玉米周年水分利用的影响,采用田间试验,开展滴灌条件下灌水量(小麦季:处理W1—W6,分别为0、20、40、60、80、100 mm/次;玉米季:处理M1—M6,分别为0、15、30、45、60、75 mm/次)对小麦生长、叶片SPAD值、光合生理特征及小麦、玉米产量和水分利用等的影响研究。结果表明:滴灌提高了小麦叶片的SPAD值、改善了小麦光合生理特征,小麦、玉米产量构成要素及产量均相应提高。随灌水量的增加,小麦叶片的SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率及小麦、玉米单位面积产量及周年总产量均表现为先增加后降低的趋势。小麦、玉米周年总耗水量随灌水量的增加而增加,小麦叶片水分利用效率在灌浆期随灌水量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,小麦、玉米籽粒水分利用效率及灌水利用率随灌水量的增加均表现为先降后增再降的趋势。不同灌水量处理中,处理W3和W4更利于提高小麦叶片的SPAD值,处理W5对光合速率的提高更为显著,处理W4更利于提高小麦的产量,而处理W3对小麦的水分利用效率的提高更为有利。处理M5的玉米产量和灌水利用率显著高于其他处理,且籽粒水分利用效率也相对较高。对于小麦、玉米周年产量而言,处理W5+M5增产效果最佳。

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation rate on annual water utilization of winter wheat and summer maize under drip irrigation,the influence of different irrigation amounts(wheat season,W1-W6:0,20,40,60,80 and 100 mm/time;maize season,M1-M6:0,15,30,45,45,60 and 75 mm/time)on growth,leaf SPAD value and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of wheat,and yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied by the field experiment.The results showed that drip irrigation improved the SPAD value and the photosynthetic physiological characteristics,and the yield of wheat and maize and their yield components were increased accordingly.With the increase of irrigation amounts,the SPAD value,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,yield of wheat and maize and the annual total yield of wheat and maize all increased first and then decreased.The total water consumption of wheat and maize increased with the increase of irrigation amounts,and the leaf water use efficiency gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation amounts.Grain water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of wheat and maize showed the trend of first decreasing,then increasing and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation amounts.In different irrigation treatments,treatment W3 and treatment W4 were more conducive to improving the SPAD value of wheat leaves,and treatment W5 increased the photosynthetic rate more significantly.Treatment W4 improved the wheat yield,and treatment W3 was more beneficial to improve the water utilization efficiency of wheat.Treatment M5 significantly improved the yield and irrigation water use efficiency of maize,and the grain water use efficiency was also relatively high compared with other treatments.For wheat and maize annual yield,treatment W5+M5 showed the best effect on yield increase.