轻质Fe-Mn-Al-C系高强钢的组织与性能研究进展及其在海洋工程中的应用展望

Progress in Research on Microstructure and Properties of Lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C Series High-Strength Steels and Their Prospective Application to Ocean Engineering

轻质Fe-Mn-Al-C系高强钢的特点是强度高、密度低、耐蚀性好、延展性好等,近年来得到了快速发展和广泛应用。通过以不同元素合金化能使轻质高强钢具有不同的显微组织和力学性能。例如,碳和锰的添加能稳定奥氏体,铝的添加能降低密度,某些微合金元素的添加能提高力学性能且抑制κ-碳化物析出。晶界的微米级κ-碳化物对轻质钢的力学性能有不利影响,但经固溶和时效处理后形成的晶内纳米级κ-碳化物能提高钢的强度。轻质钢不仅可应用于汽车制造等领域,在海洋工程也具有广阔的应用前景。

Lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C series high-strength steels are characterized by high strength,low density,good corrosion resistance and ductility,have been developed rapidly and applied abroad in recent years.The lightweight high-strength steel can be provided with different microstructures and mechanical properties by alloying with different elements.For example,the addition of carbon and manganese can stabilize austenite,the addition of aluminum can reduce density,and the addition of some micro-alloying elements can improve mechanical properties and suppress precipitation ofκ-carbide.Micro-scaleκ-carbides at grain boundaries have adverse effects on mechanical properties of the lightweight steels,whereas nano-scaleκ-carbides forming in grain interior during solution treating and aging can raise strength of the steel.In addition to being used in fields such as automobile manufacturing,the lightweight steels also have broad application prospects in ocean engineering.