人类增强技术的伦理问题及其治理——基于汉斯·约纳斯责任伦理的视角

Ethical issues and governance of human-enhanced technology——From the perspective of Hans Jonas’ethical responsibility

人类增强技术有着广阔的发展前景,但同时也潜藏着巨大的伦理风险。人类增强技术可能引发的人类自主问题、社会平等问题、技术风险问题以及“人性”问题等给大众带来了诸多不安,也对伦理学提出了挑战。汉斯·约纳斯提出的责任伦理学,有利于我们对伦理风险做出前瞻性预判。针对未来可能出现的科技伦理风险,我们可以通过借鉴“恐惧启迪法”、培养责任伦理意识、借助负责任创新理论框架以及开展多方合作等策略来推动增强技术向善发展。

Human enhancement technologies hold vast development prospects for humanity,but at the same time,there are huge ethical risks hidden.The potential issues of human autonomy,social equality,technological risks,and the“human nature”that may arise from human-enhanced technology have brought many anxieties to the public and also posed challenges to ethics.The ethics of responsibility proposed by Hans Jonas is beneficial for us to make forward-looking predictions about ethical risks.In response to potential technological ethical risks in the future,we can promote and enhance the development of technology by drawing on the“heuristics of fear”,cultivating ethical awareness of responsibility,leveraging the framework of responsible innovation theory,and conducting multi-party cooperation.