先天性心脏病患者经外科手术治疗的疗效分析及安全性影响因素研究

Analysis of Curative Effect and Safety Factors in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Treated by Surgery

目的分析先天性心脏病患者经外科手术治疗后的临床疗效以及影响安全性的因素。方法对我院2022年1月至2022年12月期间收治的50例先天性心脏病患者进行研究。回归性分析所有患者的临床资料,所有患者均给予外科手术治疗,并根据术后并发症发生情况分为两组,即并发症组与无并发症组,分析并发症影响因素。结果50例患者经外科手术治疗显效35例,有效14例,无效1例,治疗有效率98.00%(49/50);共6例患者发生并发症,包括传导阻滞1例,切口感染1例,右室流出道残余梗阻;2例,肺部感染2例,并发症发生率12.00%(6/50)。两组在年龄、性别上组间差异无意义(P>0.05);在体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU时间以及住院时间上组间差异显著(P<0.05)。并发症为因变量,心肺转流时间、主动脉阻断时间、机械通气时间以及ICU时间为自变量,对自变量赋值代入回归方程,结果显示心肺转流时间长、主动脉阻断时间长、机械通气时间长以及ICU时间长是导致并发症发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论外科手术治疗虽然可以显著改善先天性心脏病患者的生活质量和预后,但仍存在一定并发症发生风险,主要与心肺转流时间、机械通气时间以及ICU时间等有关,因此,需要针对患者存在的高危因素,给予针对性干预,以此预防并发症发生,提高手术效果。

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety factors of patients with congenital heart disease after surgical treatment.Methods 50 cases of congenital heart disease admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were studied.The regression analysis of the clinical data of all patients,all patients were given surgical treatment,and according to the occurrence of postoperative complications were divided into two groups,i.e.,the complication group and the group without complications,and the factors affecting the complications were analyzed.Results 50 patients were treated with surgical operation with obvious effect in 35 cases,effective in 14 cases and ineffective in 1 case,the treatment efficiency was 98.00%(49/50);a total of 6 patients had complications,including 1 case of conduction block,1 case of incision infection,2 cases of residual obstruction of right ventricular outflow tract and 2 cases of lung infection,the complication rate was 12.00%(6/50).There were no significant intergroup differences between the two groups in terms of age and gender(P>0.05);significant intergroup differences in terms of cardiopulmonary diversion time,aortic obstruction time,mechanical ventilation time,ICU time,and hospitalization time(P<0.05).Complications were the dependent variable,and cardiopulmonary bypass time,aortic block time,mechanical ventilation time,and ICU time were the independent variables.The results showed that long cardiopulmonary bypass time,long aortic block time,long mechanical ventilation time,and long ICU time were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of complications(P<0.05).Conclusion Although surgical treatment can significantly improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with congenital heart disease,there is still a certain risk of complications,mainly related to cardiopulmonary diversion time,mechanical ventilation time,and ICU time,etc.Therefore,it is necessary to give targeted interventions for the high-risk factors in patients,so as to prevent complications and improve the effect of surgery.