杏鲍菇菌糠循环利用安全性研究

Study on safety of recycling of spent Pleurotus eryngii substrates

针对杏鲍菇菌糠作为食用菌栽培基质循环利用中可能存在的安全性问题。该研究从化感效应和重金属含量2个方面开展研究,评价杏鲍菇菌糠作为培养基质循环利用的可行性。采用平板培养法研究了杏鲍菇菌糠提取液对杏鲍菇、平菇、金针菇萌发及菌丝生长的影响,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法检测重金属。结果表明,杏鲍菇菌糠水提取液对平菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇的菌丝萌发无影响,对平菇和杏鲍菇菌丝的生长速度和长势无抑制,且水提液浓度70%时菌丝生长速度最快,平菇菌丝生长速度为11.01 mm/d,化感效应指数达到最高为9.55%。杏鲍菇菌丝生长速度为10.12 mm/d,化感效应指数达59.62%;杏鲍菇菌糠醇提液对平菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇的菌丝萌发和菌丝的生长速度和长势均有显著的抑制作用,而随浓度的增加抑制作用增强,对金针菇的抑制作用弱于平菇和杏鲍菇。杏鲍菇菌糠及子实体中的As、Hg、Pb、Cd含量均低于国家相关标准,不会对食品、环境造成风险。菌糠替代量为30%时,栽培平菇经济效益最高。菌糠回收用于二次栽培时,具有降低生产成本和减少环境影响的双重优势,兼顾降低成本和减少环境影响,菌糠替代量为50%时,综合效果最佳。

In view of the possible safety problems in the recycling of spent P.eryngii substrates as the cultivation substrates of edible fungi,this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of recycling the spent P.eryngii substrates in terms of both chemosensory effects and heavy metal contents.The effects of the extract of spent P.eryngii substrates on the germination and mycelial growth of P.eryngii,P.ostreatus,and Flammulina velutipes were studied by plate culture method,and heavy metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Results showed that the water extract of spent P.eryngii substrates had no effect on the mycelial germination of P.ostreatus,P.eryngii,and F.velutipes,and had no inhibition on the mycelial growth rate and growth potential of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii.The mycelial growth rate was the fastest when the concentration of the water extract was 70%,the mycelial growth rate of P.ostreatus was 11.01 mm/d,and the allelopathic effect index reached the highest of 9.55%.The mycelial growth rate of P.eryngii was 10.12 mm/d,and the allelopathic effect index was 59.62%.The ethanol extract of spent P.eryngii substrates significantly inhibited the mycelial germination,growth rate,and growth of P.ostreatus,P.eryngii,and F.velutipes,but the inhibition increased with the increase of concentration,and the inhibition on F.velutipes was weaker than that of P.ostreatus and P.eryngii.The contents of As,Hg,Pb,and Cd in the spent P.eryngii substrates and fruiting body of P.eryngii were lower than the relevant national standards,which would not cause risks to food and environment.When the amount of spent P.eryngii substrates substitution was 30%,the economic benefits of cultivating P.ostreatus were the highest.When the recovery of spent P.eryngii substrates for secondary cultivation had the dual advantages of reducing production cost and reducing environmental impact,taking into account the cost reduction and reducing environmental impact,the comprehensive effect was best when the amount of spent P.eryngii substrates substitution was 50%.