伏羲文化与考古学文化对证探论——以渭河上游为中心

Corroborating Fuxi Culture through Archaeological Culture:A Focus on the Upper Reaches of the Wei River

伏羲传说是中国古史传承体系的重要内容,有其真实的历史背景,不能以“科学”“严谨”的名义对伏羲传说加以简单的否定。在古史传说体系中,伏羲是中华民族的人文始祖,代表着我国史前氏族社会的发展,文献、民俗和考古学资料共同说明,黄河中上游地区是伏羲氏族活动的主要地区,特别是渭河上游天水地区丰富的伏羲遗迹、传说,与该地域前仰韶文化、仰韶文化等在空间上相互重叠,为进一步开展伏羲传说与考古学文化对证研究提供了重要资料。在相关研究中,应当首先对伏羲传说材料进行深入辨析,甄别真伪,建立传说的文化谱系,与区域内的考古学文化谱系进行对证研究。根据大地湾、西山坪、师赵村、傅家门、圪垯川等史前遗址的考古发掘和研究,渭河上游地区以前仰韶文化和仰韶文化为主的考古学文化谱系,或为伏羲提供了可信的考古对证资料,其间可能存在着原初的“历史信息”和“历史线索”,应当引起学界高度重视。

The legend of Fuxi is an important component of China’s ancient historical inheritance system.Rooted in real historical background,the legend cannot be simply negated on the grounds of“scientific”or“rigorous”evaluation.In Chinese ancient mythology,Fuxi is the human ancestor of the Chinese nation,symbolizing the evolution of prehistoric clan society.According to literature,folklore and archaeological evidence,the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River were the primary domains for the Fuxi clan.The rich remains and legends of Fuxi in TianShui of the upper reaches of the Wei River spatially overlap with the Pre-Yangshao and Yangshao cultures,providing significant soil to further corroborate the Fuxi legend with archaeological findings.Therefore,it is imperative to analyze,distinguish and corroborate the materials of the Fuxi legend and establish a lineage with the archaeological cultural lineage of the region.Based on the excavations and research of prehistoric sites including Dadiwan,Xishanping,Shizhaocun,Fujiamen,and Gedachuan,it can be inferred that archaeological lineage,dominated by the Pre-Yangshao and Yangshao cultures along the upper reaches of the Wei River,may provide credible archaeological evidence for the Fuxi legend.It can be concluded that the potential existence of original“historical information and clues”should receive high attention from the academic community.