我国公共图书馆的绩效困境与因应策略

Performance Dilemma of Public Libraries in China and Corresponding Strategies

在构建现代公共文化服务体系的背景下,图书馆发展绩效问题成为学界和业界关注的焦点。对比近二十年的绩效变化,省、市、县级公共图书馆间的差异与财政投入政策并不匹配。对公共图书馆行业结构性矛盾的量化研究发现,在文化事业单位(与行业行政体系连接)向独立法人单位(与市场和社群体系连接)转轨、从传统服务方式向数字服务方式转轨“双重转型”的作用下,公共图书馆存在普遍性的“绩效困境”,以财政投入带动行业发展的传统治理模式正在逐渐失去效率。财政拨款带动省级公共图书馆发展的效果并不稳定;市级公共图书馆活力不足;县级公共图书馆对资源的需求仍旧突出。必须转变单一财政投入模式,推动财政文化管理方式改革,以公众需求和满意度为核心重建公共图书馆绩效评价激励机制,实现公共文化领域多元治理。

Under the backdrop of constructing a modern public cultural service system,the library performance has become a focus for academia and industry.A comparison of performance changes over the past two decades shows that disparities among provincial,municipal,and county-level public libraries do not match fiscal investment policies.The quantitative research on the structural contradictions in the public library industry reveals a universal“performance dilemma”resulting from the dual transitions from cultural institutions(connected to industry administrative systems)to independent legal entities(connected to market and community systems),and from traditional service methods to digital service methods.The traditional governance model,driven by fiscal investment to promote industry development,is becoming inefficient.Specifically,the effect of fiscal appropriations in driving the development of provincial public libraries is unstable;municipal public libraries lack vitality;and county-level public libraries still have significant resource demands.It is therefore imperative to achieve diversified governance in the public cultural sector by shifting away from a single fiscal investment model,promoting fiscal cultural management reform,and rebuilding public library performance evaluation and incentive mechanisms centered on public demand and satisfaction.