“以道自得”:张岱《四书遇·孟子》的诠释特质与价值

Attaining Self-fulfillment through the Tao: The Interpretative Characteristics and Values of Zhang Dai s Encounters with the Four Books: Mencius

张岱《四书遇·孟子》是嘉靖后期诠释《孟子》的集大成之作,具有鲜明的诠释特质。其特质一方面表现为诠释体例的革新,反对传注体例,注重自我感悟,不盲从朱《注》与时说;另一方面表现为诠释模式的变革,以评点方式诠释《孟子》文本,挖掘《孟子》文学价值,融通儒释道,以佛道释《孟子》思想。这些特质集中体现了《四书遇·孟子》文献与学理的双重时代价值。从文献角度而言,《四书遇·孟子》广征诸说,反映时人诠释《孟子》的真实情况,具有辑存之功;从学理角度而言,《四书遇·孟子》以“自得”为核心,诠释体例、模式的创新,皆是其“自得”思想的具体实践,对矫正晚明空疏玄虚之风具有积极作用。

Encounters with the Four Books: Mencius by Zhang Dai is a seminal work in the late Jiajing period that interprets Mencius with distinct interpretative characteristics. On one hand, it innovates the interpretative approach by opposing the traditional annotative style, emphasizing personal insight, and avoiding blind adherence to Zhu Xi s Annotations and contemporary interpretations. On the other hand, it transforms the interpretative model by employing a critical commentary method to interpret the text of Mencius , uncovering its literary value, blending Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhist interpretations to elucidate Mencius ideology. These characteristics reflect the dual temporal value of Encounters with the Four Books: Mencius in terms of both literature and scholarly theory. From a literary perspective, it extensively collects various interpretations, reflecting the real situation of contemporary interpretations of Mencius , and thus contributing to the preservation of knowledge. From a scholarly perspective, Encounters with the Four Books: Mencius revolves around the concept of "attaining self-fulfillment," with its innovative interpretative approach and model serving as concrete manifestations of this philosophy. It plays a proactive role in correcting the superficial and abstract tendencies of late Ming scholarship.