氢能航空发动机研究现状及发展制约因素

Research Status and Development Constraints of Hydrogen Aero Engines

为应对全球气候变暖和温室效应加剧,欧美中等多国纷纷提出各自碳中和发展战略,在航空航天、交通运输等多个领域推动新能源技术的应用。氢能源是航空业中较为理想、可取代传统石化燃料的能源,目前全球各大航空公司都在着手布局氢能航空体系。氢能源在航空领域的应用十分广泛,但其最重要的1个研究方向—氢燃料航空发动机,仍处于大力发展和技术创新阶段。总结了近期氢燃料发动机在航空领域的新发展,综述了氢燃料发动机在材料应用方面的短板和现实阻碍,具体从氢能航空发展现状、氢能航空发动机关键技术、氢能航空发动机发展的主要制约因素3大方面进行介绍。氢燃料一直备受关注和青睐,国外早已启动开发氢能飞机的研究项目,并在研发氢能飞机、推动氢能航空相关产业方面已取得一定实质性进展,而我国相关研究主要集中在制氢(风能、光能等电解制氢)、储氢、供氢(氢燃料加注站)及氢燃料电池和汽车领域。为推动氢能航空发动机的大力发展,未来必须突破氢动力推进技术、机载氢燃料存储技术及氢燃料生产制备技术等技术壁垒,而提供飞行动力的航空发动机是其中首要核心点。尽管氢能航空的发展前景备受瞩目,但如要大规模推行,仍面临诸多挑战。若要实现氢能航空飞机大范围应用推广,还需在核心动力、交叉技术等方面开展更加深入的研究与开发。

With the intensification of global warming and greenhouse effect,many countries have responded to carbon-neutral plans by launching a large number of new energy programs,covering aerospace,transportation and other fields.Hydrogen energy is the ideal energy source to replace traditional fossil fuels in the aviation industry.At present,major airlines in the world are beginning to layout hydrogen aviation systems.The application of hydrogen energy in the aviation field is widely used,but one of the most important research direction-hydrogen fuel aero-engine is still in the stage of vigorously development and technological innovation.This paper summarizes the new development of hydrogen fuel engine in the field of aviation,and expounds the shortcomings and practical obstacles of hydrogen fuel engine in material application.In this paper,the development status of hydrogen aviation,key technologies of hydrogen aero engine and main constraints of hydrogen aero engine development are introduced.As hydrogen fuel has been concerned and favored,countries around the world have launched research projects to develop hydrogen aircraft,and foreign countries have made some substantial progress in the development of hydrogen aircraft and the promotion of hydrogen aviation related industries.China mainly focuses on hydrogen production(wind energy,light energy and other electrolytic hydrogen production),hydrogen storage,hydrogen supply(hydrogen fuel filling station)and hydrogen fuel cell and automobile research.In order to promote the development of hydrogen aero engine,it is necessary to break through the technical barriers of hydrogen propulsion technology,on-board hydrogen fuel storage technology and hydrogen fuel production and preparation technology in the future,and the aero engine that provides flight power is the primary core point.Although the development prospect of hydrogen aviation has attracted much attention,it still faces many challenges if it is to be implemented on a large scale.In order to realize the large-scale application and promotion of hydrogen aviation aircraft,more in-depth research and development is needed in the core power field and cross-technology field.