产后西门塔尔杂交母牛代育奶公犊“一母育双犊”养殖效益分析

Analysis of the breeding benefits of fostered Holstein heifer calves by postpartum Simmental crossbred cows-'one dam raising two calves'

试验旨在研究西门塔尔产后母牛代育奶公犊对犊牛生长及养殖效益的影响。试验选用产后西门塔尔杂交母牛30头,随机分为2组,每组15头,每个重复1头牛。试验组母牛采用“一母育双犊”的技术,即每头自产肉犊牛1头,代育奶公犊1头,对照组不代育,自产肉犊牛120日龄断奶。试验期120 d。结果显示:在人工哺乳+早期补饲的条件下,试验组犊牛体重、平均日增重与对照组相比均具有降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。代育奶公犊增加了代乳粉的饲喂环节,饲料成本比对照组增加了1473.09元/头,按照市场价格估算断奶后售卖可盈利1846元/头,效益可观。研究表明,在人工配乳、哺喂代乳粉后,选择“犊牛颗粒料+优质苜蓿”的饲喂方法并适时断奶,代育奶公犊生长发育正常,未出现腹泻甚至死亡现象,养殖效益可观,具有较好的推广价值。

The study aims to investigate the impact of postpartum fostered Holstein heifer calves by Simmental crossbred cows on calf growth and breeding benefits.Thirty postpartum Simmental crossbred cows were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into two groups,with 15 cows in each group and one cow per replicate.In the experimental group,a technique known as'one dam raising two calves'was employed,wherein each cow naturally raised one beef calf and fostered one Holstein heifer calf,while the control group did not foster calves and weaned their beef calves at 120 days of age.The experimental period lasted for 120 days.The results showed that under conditions of artificial feeding and early supplementation,the experimental group exhibited a trend of reduced calf weight and average daily gain compared to the control group,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).Fostering Holstein heifer calves increased the feeding cost of milk replacer by 1473.09 yuan/head compared to the control group,but the estimated profit from selling the calves after weaning was 1846 yuan/head.The overall benefits were considerable.The study suggests that,with artificial feeding and milk replacer supplementation,adopting a feeding method of'calf pellet feed+high-quality alfalfa'with timely weaning results in normal growth and development of fostered Holstein heifer calves,without occurrences of diarrhea or mortality,demonstrating significant breeding benefits and a good potential for widespread application.