某铁路单位在岗职工健康体检异常心电图特征分析

Analysis of Abnormal Electrocardiogram Characteristics of On-the-job Workers in a Railway Unit during Physical Examination

探讨某铁路单位在岗职工异常心电图的检出情况和特征,为职工的健康管理提供依据。选取2022年123138名铁路在岗职工健康体检的心电图数据作为研究对象,按照性别和年龄段对异常心电图的检出率进行统计描述与分析。异常心电图总检出率为36.32%,男性为36.54%、女性为34.46%,男性检出率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除18~29岁年龄段外,异常心电图检出率在男性和女性中均随年龄的增长而增加,在男性人群与女性人群中均发现年龄与异常心电图的检出率存在相关关系(P<0.05)。总人群中主要的异常心电图类型为窦性心动过缓(11.30%)、窦性心律不齐(6.23%)、T波异常(5.39%)、电轴左偏(3.58%)、ST段改变(3.23%)。单一类型的异常心电图检出率与性别、年龄有关,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。针对分析结果,从加强定期健康体检和宣传教育、做好健康维护与监测、建立特殊工种健康管理名单等方面提出建议,以进一步降低心血管疾病的发病风险。

To investigate the detection and characteristics of abnormal electrocardiogram(ECG)in employees on duty of a railway unit,and provide a foundation for employee health management.The ECG data of 123138 railway workers in 2022 were selected as the research objects,and the detection rate of abnormal ECG was statistically described and analyzed according to gender and age.The positive rate of abnormal electrocardiogram was 36.32%,36.54%in male and 34.46%in female.The positive rate of male was higher than that of female(P<0.05).Except for 18~29 years old,the rate of abnormal electrocardiogram increased with age in both men and women,and there was a correlation between age and the rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in both men and women(P<0.05).The main types of abnormal ECG were sinus bradycardia(11.30%),sinus arrhythmia(6.23%),abnormal T wave(5.39%),left axis deviation(3.58%)and ST segment change(3.23%).The detection rate of single type abnormal electrocardiogram was related to sex and age,and there was statistical difference(P<0.05).According to the analysis results,some suggestions are put forward from strengthening regular physical examination,publicity and education,doing a good job in health maintenance and monitoring,and establishing a health management list for special jobs,so as to further reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.