北京市怀柔区社区获得性肺炎患病危险因素的研究

Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in Beijing Huairou

目的分析北京市怀柔区成人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患病的相关危险因素,为预防CAP的发生提供科学依据。方法选取2020—2021年该科18岁以上162例CAP住院患者作为病例组,以同时期在该院普外科住院且性别、年龄与病例组匹配的162例非CAP患者作为对照组。采用条件logistic回归模型分析发生CAP的危险因素。结果吸烟、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统慢性疾病方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同职业、季节CAP发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑血管疾病、呼吸系统慢性疾病是患CAP的危险因素,工人、家民,以及春、秋季更易患CAP(P<0.05)。结论北京市怀柔区成人CAP患病受脑血管疾病、呼吸系统慢性疾病等多个因素影响,工人、职员更易患CAP,夏、秋季更易患CAP。在夏、秋季具有这些特征的成人应加强对CAP的预防。

Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with the prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)in adults in Beijing Huairou,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of CAP.Methods A total of 162 CAP inpatients over 18 years of age in the Department of Respiratory,Beijing Huairou Hospital,from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the case group,and 162 non-CAP patients who were hospitalized in the Department of General Surgery of the hospital in the same period and whose gender and age were matched with those of the case group were used as the control group.Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of CAP.Results Smoking,cerebrovascular disease,and chronic diseases of the respiratory system were risk factors for the occurrence of CAP,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the comparison of the occurrence of CAP in different occupations and seasons showed that the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Cerebrovascular diseases and chronic diseases of the respiratory system were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CAP,and workers and clerk,as well as prime and fall were risk factors for susceptibility to CAP,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Adults with CAP in Huairou District,are affected by a number of factors such as cerebrovascular disease,chronic respiratory disease,etc.Workers and employees are more susceptible to CAP,and are more likely to suffer from CAP in summer and fall.Adults with these characteristics in the summer and fall should be strengthened in the prevention of CAP.