孕期维生素D水平与妊娠糖尿病相关性的研究进展

Research progress on the correlation between vitamin D levels during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus

维生素D是人体不可缺少的一种脂溶性维生素,主要以维生素D_(2)和维生素D_(3)2种形式存在,可通过皮肤合成和饮食中摄取。目前,维生素D缺乏是一个全球性公共卫生问题,全世界大约10亿人患有维生素D缺乏症,其中孕妇为高危人群。妊娠糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠前糖代谢正常,妊娠期间首次出现不同程度糖耐量异常,是妊娠期并发症之一。不断有研究证明,孕期维生素D缺乏与GDM密切相关,其可通过多种机制影响葡萄糖的平衡,导致患GDM风险增加。且GDM增加了羊水过多、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、早产、巨大儿、低体重儿、畸形儿等母婴并发症发生率,威胁着母婴健康。近年来,维生素D与GDM相关性的研究不断增加,其相关性也得到了越来越多的学者重视,该文就维生素D与GDM相关性的研究进展进行了综述。

Vitamin D is an indispensable fat-soluble vitamin in the human body,mainly in the form of vitamin D_(2) and vitamin D_(3),which can be synthesized by the skin and ingested in the diet.Vitamin D deficiency is currently a global public health problem,with approximately one billion people worldwide suffering from vitamin D deficiency,and pregnant women are at high risk.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy,and abnormal glucose tolerance of different degrees occurs for the first time during pregnancy,which is one of the complications of pregnancy.Continuous studies have proved that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is closely related to GDM,which can affect glucose balance through various mechanisms,leading to an increased risk of GDM.In addition,GDM increases the incidence of maternal and infant complications such as hyperamniotic fluid,pregnancy-induced hypertension,premature rupture of membranes,premature delivery,macrosomia,low body weight,and teratoma,which threatens maternal and infant health.In recent years,the research on the correlation between vitamin D and GDM has been increasing,and its correlation has been paid more and more attention by more and more scholars.This paper reviewed the research progress on the correlation between vitamin D and GDM.