人工智能著作权主体资格的法律构造

Multi-Dimensional Analysis on Regarding AI as Author

人工智能著作权主体资格与民事权利主体资格是两个不同的问题,现有的理论研究常常将其等同观之,法律拟制的途径也聚焦权利主体拟制,忽视了著作权主体资格的特殊法律构造。人工智能著作权主体资格法律构造的特殊性在于创作主体和权利主体的二分架构,并且将责任主体适格性纳入考量。人工智能视为创作主体,人工智能创作物满足作品要件时获得著作权保护。权利主体根据政策考量可以与创作主体分离,由使用者和研发者约定,在未约定时由使用者享有人工智能作品的著作权。这不仅符合人工智能创作过程的拟制逻辑,契合权利配置中的政策选择原理,而且有助于根据现有技术达致的控制能力确立妥适的责任分配规则,推动人工智能技术的进步,促进文化传播和产业发展。

The subject qualification of artificial intelligence copyright and the subject qualification of civil rights are two different issues.Existing theoretical research often equates them,and the approach of legal creation focuses on the creation of the right subject,ignoring the special legal structure of the subject qualification of copyright.The particularity of the legal structure of the subject qualification of artificial intelligence copyright lies in the dichotomous structure of the creative subject and the right subject,and the eligibility of the responsibility subject is taken into consideration.Artificial intelligence is regarded as the creative subject,and the artificial intelligence creations obtain copyright protection when they meet the requirements of the work.The right subject can be separated from the creative subject according to policy considerations,and is determined according to the agreement between the user and the developer.In the absence of agreement,the user enjoys the copyright of the artificial intelligence work.This not only conforms to the fictional logic of the creative process of artificial intelligence,fits the policy selection principle in the allocation of rights,but also helps to establish appropriate responsibility distribution rules according to the control ability achieved by the existing technology,promotes the progress of artificial intelligence technology,and promotes the cultural dissemination and industrial development.