花木生产与园林营造:清末广州花地的生产性景观及其公共化

Floral Production and Garden Construction:The Productive Landscape and Its Public Transformation in Canton Fa-ti in the Late Qing Dynasty

清末广州花地在中西文化交流史、贸易史、植物史上扮演着重要角色。十三行外贸时期,作为广州观赏植物的培育与产销基地,花地是清政府特许西方人可以游憩的地方之一,也是西方植物学家获取中国植物样本的主要来源地。以现状为基础,综合应用文献资料与历史地图,对比考证花地的河涌分布,复原清末花地园圃的历史空间格局,并进一步梳理了花地花木培育、销售等生产性景观的形成,以及私园化、公共化的发展趋势。研究表明:在繁荣的中西贸易与园事活动推动下,清末广州花地形成了以河涌为地理基础,以花圩为展销地,数十处苗圃花园集合的独特生产性景观。中西人士频繁开展的赏游活动推动了花地的私园营造与公共化,促使园林成为公共活动、文化和知识生产的主要空间场所。

Fa-ti played a pivotal role in the cultural exchange,trade,and botany between the East and the West during the late Qing Dynasty in Canton.As a center for cultivating and producing ornamental plants in Guangzhou throughout the thirteen-hong trade period,Fa-ti was one of the select locations the Qing government allowed Westerners to visit.It also served as a principal source of Chinese plant specimens for Western botanists.This study thoroughly examines historical texts and maps to analyze and corroborate the historical spatial configuration of Fa-ti's river channels.It aims to reconstruct the garden layouts of the late Qing Dynasty and elucidate the development of productive landscapes in Fa-ti,such as the cultivation and marketing of flowers and trees,alongside the trends toward garden privatization and publicization.The research reveals that the thriving Sino-Western trade and horticultural activities fostered a distinctive and productive landscape in Fa-ti,with the river serving as the geographical foundation and flower polders acting as exhibition and sales venues.Numerous nursery gardens emerged in Fa-ti during this period,creating a dynamic space where Chinese and Westerners'frequent interactions advanced the privatization and publicization of gardens.Consequently,these gardens transformed into significant venues for public events,cultural engagement,and intellectual endeavours.