宁夏大学校园不同绿地类型夏季小气候效应

Microclimate Effect of Green Spaces of Different Types in Ningxia University Campus in Summer

以宁夏大学校园内绿地作为研究对象,利用小尺度定量测定的方法,对乔灌草、乔草、草地3种绿地类型以及无植被覆盖的对照样地CK(温度、湿度、太阳辐射、空气负离子和PM_(2.5))进行测量,研究其对校园小气候的调节作用,并构建出具有较强生态效益的植物配置模式。结果表明:与对照(广场)相比,不同植物配置模式均对校园小气候具有降温增湿、调节太阳辐射、增加空气负离子浓度以及消减PM_(2.5)等作用,其中以乔灌草样地对微环境温度调节作用最好,乔草样地次之,最后为草地;各样地增湿强弱和削弱太阳辐射与降温效应较为相似;乔灌草和乔草配置模式消减PM_(2.5)效果最佳,而草地对PM_(2.5)的消减效果不明显。综合上可知,不同植物配置模式调节夏季小气候的效果从强到弱依次为:乔灌草>乔草>草地>CK。

This paper takes the green spaces on the campus of Ningxia University to measure temperature,humidity,solar radiation,air negative oxygen ions and PM_(2.5) at the three types of green space including arbor-shrub-grass green spaces,arbor-grass green spaces and lawn as well as the control plot using the method of small-scale quantitative measurement in order to analyze their adjustment functions for campus microclimate and come up with the plant configuration patterns of better ecological benefits.The results show that compared with the control plot(the square),all plant configuration patterns have effects on the campus microclimate,including cooling and humidification,regulation of solar radiation,increase in air negative ion concentration,and PM_(2.5) reduction.Among them,the arbor-shrub-grass green spaces have the best temperature regulation effect on the microenvironment,followed by the arbor-grass green spaces and lawns.The three types of green spaces all have the similar effects in humidification,solar radiation reduction and cooling.The configuration patterns of arbor-shrub-grass and arbor-grass have the best effect on reducing PM_(2.5),while the lawns have no significant effect on PM_(2.5) reduction.It is concluded that the effects of the three plant configuration patterns on regulating summer microclimate are ranked as arbor-shrub-grass>arbor-grass>lawn>CK.