零工经济时代下副业情景中的心理授权:概念及其维度构成研究

Psychological Empowerment in Sideline Scenarios in the Gig Economy Era:A Study of the Concept and Its Dimensional Composition

随着零工经济时代的到来,各种形式的副业活动正在如火如荼展开。副业工作形式相对灵活,为个体提供了充分的自主性,使其更有可能获得心理层面的授权。但回顾过去关于心理授权的相关研究,研究者们很少将副业工作场景从传统的正式工作情境中分离出来,单独考察个体在副业工作中的心理授权现象。因此,本研究采用自上而下和自下而上相结合的方式,旨在对副业心理授权的概念及其维度构成进行探索。一方面,基于已有文献回顾,通过演绎的方法,自上而下提出副业心理授权的概念及其构成成分,分别是基于授权体验的控制信念、基于授权体验的关键意识、基于授权体验的调控倾向。另一方面,基于扎根理论,对36名从事副业工作的个体进行半结构化访谈,通过归纳的方法,对访谈资料进行逐级编码,自下而上提炼出相应的维度范畴,验证副业心理授权的三种构成成分。这项研究将有助于我们深化对于零工者的心理和行为规律的理解,丰富授权理论的内涵。

With the advent of the gig economy era,various forms of sideline activities are in full swing.The form of side work is relatively flexible and provides individuals with sufficient autonomy,making it more likely that they will be empowered on a psychological level.However,looking back at the past studies on psychological empowerment,researchers rarely separate the sideline work scenario from the traditional formal work context to investigate the psychological empowerment of individuals in sideline work.Therefore,this study adopts a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches,aiming to explore the concept and dimension of psychological empowerment in sideline occupations.On the one hand,based on the review of existing literature,through the deductive method,the concept of side business psychological empowerment and its components are proposed from top to bottom,which are respectively the control belief based on the authorization experience,the key consciousness based on the authorization experience,and the regulatory tendency based on the authorization experience.On the other hand,based on the grounded theory,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 individuals engaged in sideline work.The interview data were coded step by step by way of induction,and corresponding dimension categories were extracted from the bottom-up to verify the three components of psychological empowerment in sideline work.This research will help us deepen our understanding of the psychological and behavioral laws of gig workers and enrich the connotation of empowerment theory.