PASCO-Tracker实验系统的搭建及其对热机效率的测量

Construction of the PASCO-Tracker Experimental System and Its Measurement of Thermal Efficiency

为使热机p-V图线的测量和由图线计算热机效率的整体过程可成为大学物理实验中易于操作的一部分,笔者首先搭建了PASCO-Tracker实验系统,然后在两种高温热源温度下,通过该系统分别实践了热机工作中p-t、V-t关系图线的测量,并在此基础上得到了p-V图线,在拟合出p-V关系函数后,通过原理公式的计算得到了热机效率与高温热源温度及气缸内装入的钢丝质量间的关系。测量结果表明,压强、体积的周期均随钢丝质量的增加而减小,效率随钢丝质量的增加而增加,二者具有非线性关系。热机效率随高温热源温度的增加而增加。本实验系统可用于演示热机工作过程的实时监控和热机效率的测量与计算。

In order to make the measurement of the p-V curve and the overall process of calculating the efficiency of the heat engine from the curve an easy to operate part of university physics experiments,the author first built the PASCO Tracker experimental system.Then,under two high temperature heat source temperatures,the measurement of the p-t and V-t relationship curves in the operation of the heat engine was practiced using this system,and based on this,the p-V curve was obtained.After fitting the p-V relationship function,The relationship between the efficiency of the thermal engine and the temperature of the high-temperature heat source,as well as the mass of the steel wire loaded into the cylinder,was obtained through the calculation of the principle formula.The measurement results indicate that the period of pressure and volume both decrease with the increase of steel wire mass,while the efficiency increases with the increase of steel wire mass.The two have a non-linear relationship.The efficiency of the thermal engine increases with the increase of the temperature of the high-temperature heat source.This experimental system can be used to demonstrate real-time monitoring of the working process of a heat engine and to measure and calculate the efficiency of the heat engine.