抗战时期华北伪政权的奴化教育--以《修正高小历史教科书》为考察中心

The Slavery Education of the Puppet Regime in North China During the War Against Japanese Aggression—Taking The Revision of the Upper Primary School’s History Textbook as the Centre of Examination

1938年,由日本扶持的伪华北政务委员会为在华北沦陷区推行奴化教育,于教育总署下设编审会,开展教科书编修工作,《修正高小历史教科书》即是在此背景下炮制出炉的。该书在南京国民政府教科书的基础上删改炮制而成,内容上既有其他历史教材或多或少都可能存在的共性缺陷,也为了迎合奴化教育的目标要求,歪曲或增添了一些反映奴化教育指导方针、美化日本及鼓吹中日亲善的时代特色。同时,该书反映了二十世纪二三十年代民族主义思潮与“征服自然”论调大行其道的深刻时代烙印。总体而言,该书虽然是一部编排较为合理、体例尚属完备的入门历史教材,但受当时政治意志所限,终究沦为一个“戴着奴化教育镣铐跳舞的畸形产物”。

In 1938,in order to promote slavery education in the enemy-occupied areas of North China,the puppet North China Administrative Committee supported by Japan set up the Editorial Review Committee under the General Administration of Education to carry out the work of textbook revision,and The Revision of the Upper Primary School’s History Textbook was produced under this background.The book was revised based on the textbooks of the Nanjing National Government,with the common defects may exist in other history textbooks to a greater or lesser extent,also in order to meet the requirements of the goal of slavery education,the book was distorted or added some characteristics of the times that reflect the guidelines of slavery education,the glorification of Japan and the promotion of Sino-Japanese goodwill.At the same time,the book also reflects the profound imprint of the nationalist ideology and the“conquest of nature”discourse that prevailed in the 1920s and 1930s of the twentieth century.In general,although the book is a well-arranged and complete introductory history textbook,it was limited by the political will of the time,and was eventually reduced to a“deformed product dancing in the shackles of slavery education”.