后亚文化视角下日本御宅文化的特征及其反思

The Characteristics of Japanese Otaku Culture and Its Reflection from the Perspective of Post-Subculture

日本御宅文化正在成为一种不可忽视的青年亚文化现象。对亚文化的研究经历了以强调“抵抗”“越轨”与主流文化区隔的芝加哥、伯明翰学派的亚文化理论向反对亚文化理论,即主张青年亚文化现象具有流动性、碎片化、反理性的后亚文化理论的转变。日本御宅族具有的流动性的场景与反理性的符号化消费的后亚文化特征,反映出他们对身份认知与情感满足的需求。其背后隐藏的价值虚无主义与犬儒主义的倾向体现了日本御宅族消极被动、丧失奋斗动力与目标,需要我们从中汲取经验并预防其对青少年群体产生负面影响。

Japanese otaku culture is becoming a kind of youth subculture phenomenon that cannot be ignored.The study of subculture has experienced a shift from the subculture theory of the Chicago and Birmingham school,which emphasizes“resistance”“deviance”as a means of separating them from the mainstream culture,to the post-subculture theory,which argues that the phenomenon of youth subculture is fluid,fragmented and anti-rational.The post-subcultural characteristics of Japanese otaku’s mobile scenes and anti-rational symbolic consumption reflect their needs for identity recognition and emotional satisfaction.However,the tendency of value nihilism and cynicism behind it reflects the passivity and loss of motivation and goal of Japanese otaku,and we need to learn from it and prevent its negative impact on young people.