生态损害修复责任的功能定位与实现路径--以某公益诉讼案为例

Functional Positioning and Realization Path of Liability for Ecological Damage Restoration--Taking a Public Interest Lawsuit Case as an Example

生态修复责任是环境损害救济的主要责任方式之一,但传统的生态修复责任并不能完全承载恢复环境损害的功能。广州市白云区鱼塘污染公益诉讼案是环境损害修复的典型案例。通过分析该案得知生态修复责任并不能达到恢复原状的效果,其面临着裁量依据不足、生态修复标准欠缺和损害赔偿责任成本高昂等困境。因此建议用“恢复生态”作为一种环境损害责任的承担方式,以便与传统生态修复责任的“恢复原状”区分开来,找准生态修复的功能定位,厘清恢复原状与生态修复二者之间的差异,明确恢复生态的责任内容和方式,科学制定生态修复标准,完善资金保障机制等,实现受损生态环境及时有效的修复。

Ecological restoration liability is one of the main modes of liability forenvironmental damage relief,but traditional ecological restoration liability cannot fully carry the function of restoring environmental damage.The public interest litigation case of fish pond pollution in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City is a typical case of environmental damage restoration.By analyzing the case,it is learnt the ecological restoration liability could not achieve the effect of restoring the original state,and that it is faced with dilemmas such as insufficient basis for discretion,the lack of ecological restoration standards and high costs of liability for damage.Therefore,it is suggested to use“ecological restoration”as a way of environmental damage liability,so as to distinguish it from the traditional ecological restoration liability of“reinstatement”,identify the functional positioning of ecological restoration,clarify the differences between reinstatement and ecological restoration,and clarify the content and manner of ecological restoration,scientifically formulates the ecological restoration standards,and improves the financial guarantee mechanism,etc.,so as to achieve timely and effective restoration of damaged ecological environment.