我国沿海5个地区冬季养殖仿刺参体表微生物多样性比较分析

Comparative analysis of microbial diversity on the skin of Apostichopus japonicus located at five coastal areas of China in winter

为探究仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体表微生物在仿刺参疾病发生与环境交互中的作用,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对来自大连、营口、唐山、威海、宁德等5个沿海地区的养殖仿刺参体表微生物进行了多样性分析。结果显示,地域差异对仿刺参体表微生物组成影响明显,其中福建省宁德市霞浦县(ND)养殖仿刺参的体表微生物组成与其他4个地区差异最明显。在门水平上,各地区的最优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其中ND组相对丰富度(76.16%)最低;在目和科水平上,ND组的最优势微生物分别属于柄杆菌目(Caulobacterales)和生丝单胞菌科(Hyphomonadaceae),所占比例分别为14.48%、14.34%;在属水平上,ND组仿刺参体表微生物中不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)等所占的比例与其他各组存在显著差异(P<0.05);山东省威海市乳山市(WH)养殖仿刺参体表微生物多样性在属水平上的相对丰富度最高,该组副球菌属所占比例与其他地区均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。研究结果可为进一步开展仿刺参体表微生物多样性与环境适应进化研究以及养殖仿刺参病害防治提供参考。

Apostichopus japonicus was an important aquatic echinoderm in China,and its surface microorganisms played an important role in the occurrence of diseases of A.japonicus and the interaction with the environment.In this study,Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity of microorganisms on the skin of sea cucumbers in five different coastal areas of China(Dalian,Yingkou,Tangshan,Weihai and Ningde).The results showed that the regional differences had a significant impact on the surface microbial composition of A.japonicus.The skin microorganisms of A.japonicus collected from Ningde(ND)had the most significant difference compared with the other 4 groups.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in all groups,with the lowest relative richness in ND group(76.16%).At the order and family level,the most dominant microorganisms of ND group belonged to Caulobacterales and Hyphomonadaceae respectively,accounting for 14.48%and 14.34%respectively.At the genus level,the percentage of some microorganisms in ND group were significantly different from other 4 groups(P<0.05),in terms of Acinetobacter,Paracoccus,Lachnospira,etc.In addition,Weihai(WH)group had the highest relative richness at the genus level,with significant difference in Paracoccus percentage(P<0.05).The results of four research would provide a reference for the further study on microbial diversity and environmental adaptation of sea cucumbers,as well as the prevention and treatment of diseases of sea cucumbers.