古典或乡土:18世纪末至19世纪中西方国族建筑形式与溯源

Classical or Vernacular:Forms and Origins of National Architecture in the West During Late 18th to Middle 19th Century

在近年国族主义备受关注的背景下,本文讨论了18世纪末到19世纪中部分西方现代民族国家建立初期纷繁多样的国族建筑风格以及其形成机制。本文提出,国族身份叙事和建筑语境是国族建筑风格的两个主要影响因素。就前者而言,西方普适价值叙事与古典主义风格紧密联系,浪漫主义叙事则与乡土风格密切相关。就后者而言,在建筑语境长期统一的国家中,国族建筑风格相对统一;在建筑语境错综复杂的国家中,国族建筑表现则相对多元。

Under the background of nationalism attracting more and more attention in recent years,this paper discusses the various national architectural styles of some modern nation-states in the West from late 18th century to the early 19th century,which is the early stage after their establishment.The paper concludes that narrative of national identity and the architectural context are the two main factors influencing national architectural style significantly.For narratives of national identity,the emphasis on universal values is closely related to architectural classicism,while the romantism narrative is closely related to vernacular style.In addition,in countries with a unified architectural context,the architectural style is relatively unified as well;while in a country with a complex architectural context,it is more diverse.