“常人治村”:实践内涵、生成逻辑与治理后果--基于鄂中S村的田野调查

Ordinary people governing villages:practical connotation,generative logic and governance conse⁃quences--based on the field investigation in S village in central Hubei

从资源形态与身份特征来看,我国农村有着差异化的村治主体谱系,但学界通常在基层治理的精英研究传统中对其予以检视,忽视外部制度变迁及其推动的村级治理“去精英化”,由此遮蔽了“常人治村”这一经验事实。调研发现,“常人治村”具有行为取向的弱发展性、行动价值的公共导向以及权威来源的外部赋权等实践内涵。从生成逻辑来看,基层政府借助科层体系的制度通道,对村级治理情境进行了有力塑造,主要表现为治理任务过密化、治理方式合规化和治理面向“组织内”,由此解构了村治精英原有的兼业空间与价值动力。相比之下,村干部的工资薪酬和职业晋升对普通村民具有结构适配性和价值吸引力。“常人治村”推动了村级治理权力的民主化运作,实现村干部人才队伍优化,但也存在干群关系悬浮化和村治成本高企化的问题。对此,需要找回村级治理的社会基础,以制度赋权与规则创新为抓手推动村治主体结构的梯度分布,实现村治主体协同。

From the perspective of resource form and identity characteristics,there is a differentiated pedigree of village gover-nance in rural areas of China,but the academic circles usually examine it in the elite research tradition of grassroots governance,ignoring the external institutional changes and the"de-elitism"of village governance,thus obscuring the empirical fact that"ordi-nary people govern villages".According to the investigation,ordinary people's governance of villages has the connotation of weak development of behavior orientation,public orientation of action value and external empowerment of authoritative sources.From the perspective of generative logic,the grass-roots government has strongly shaped the village-level governance situation with the help of the institutional channel of the bureaucratic system,which is mainly manifested in the over-dense governance tasks,the compliance of governance methods and the governance oriented to"the organization",thus deconstructing the original part-time space and value motivation of the village governance elite.In contrast,the salary and career promotion of village cadres have structural adaptability and value appeal to ordinary villagers."Ordinary people governing villages"promotes the democratic opera-tion of village-level governance power and optimizes the talent team of village cadres,but there are also problems of suspended re-lationship between cadres and masses and high cost of village governance.In this regard,it is necessary to find the social founda-tion of village governance,promote the gradient distribution of the main structure of village governance with institutional empow-erment and rule innovation as the starting point,and realize the coordination of the main bodies of village governance.