蔷薇科植物提取物对蚊虫的驱避活性测定

Determination of mosquito repellent activity of extracts from Rosaceae plants

为寻找高效且对环境友好的植物源蚊虫驱避材料,本研究采用浸泡法对日本晚樱、红叶石楠、野蔷薇等10种蔷薇科植物低温烘干的新鲜枝叶,制备植物提取物,并利用实验室自制的小型飞行动物驱避装置测定了各植物提取物对淡色库蚊雌蚊不同时间的驱避效果。结果表明:除石楠、桃树和火棘3种植物对蚊虫无驱避活性外,其他7种植物均对蚊虫有一定的驱避活性,平均驱避率依次为:椤木石楠(80.95%)>枇杷(79.05%)>红叶石楠(76.17%)>野蔷薇(69.70%)>日本晚樱(68.40%)>东京樱花(48.84%)>紫叶李(43.86%);枇杷、紫叶李、东京樱花在5~30 min的时间范围内取得较好的驱蚊活性,最高的驱避率分别为93.34%、72.22%、69.23%,比较适合短时间内的驱蚊;野蔷薇、椤木石楠、红叶石楠以及日本晚樱在60 min时的驱避率分别为94.87%、92.50%、88.57%、86.79%,比较适合长时间的驱蚊。

In order to search for effective and environment-friendly plant-derived mosquito repellent materials,this paper studied the effect of soaking on the fresh branches and leaves of 10 Rosaceae plants,such as Cerasus serrulata var.lannesiana,Photinia fraseri and Rosa multiflora,dried at low temperature,the plant extracts were prepared,and the effect of plant extracts on female Culex pipiens pallens was tested by using a laboratory made small flying animal repellent device.The results showed that:except for 3 plants of Photinia serrulata,Amygdalus persica and Pyracantha fortuneana,which had no repellent activity against mosquitoes,the other seven plants had some repellent activity to mosquitoes,the average repellent rate was Photinia davidsoniae(80.95%)>Eriobotrya japonica(79.05%)>Photinia fraseri(76.17%)>R.multiflora(69.70%)>Cerasus serrulata var.lannesiana(68.40%)>Cerasus yedoensis(48.84%)>Prunus cerasifera(43.86%).E.japonica,P.cerasifera and C.yedoensis,had good mosquito repellent activity in the range from 5 to 30 min,and the highest repellent rates were 93.34%,72.22%and 69.23%,respectively,more suitable for short-term mosquito repellent.The repellent rates of R.multiflora,Ph.davidsoniae,Ph.fraseri and C.serrulata var.lannesiana were 94.87%,92.50%,88.57%and 86.79%respectively at 60 min,more suitable for a long time of mosquito rpellent.