膝关节单髁置换与胫骨高位截骨治疗内翻性膝骨关节炎的比较

Comparison of unicondylar knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy in treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis

背景:早期膝关节炎可行单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨等方法保膝治疗,但两种保膝手术在术后不同时期膝关节恢复方面是否存在差异仍需进一步探讨。目的:比较单髁置换和胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节内翻性骨关节炎的疗效及相关并发症等方面的差异,为临床决策提供参考。方法:选择2018年9月至2022年9月南通大学附属医院行手术治疗的膝关节内翻性骨关节炎患者103例,其中86例获得1年以上随访,根据手术方法分为单髁置换组(n=49)和胫骨高位截骨组(n=37)。分别对两组患者术前及术后4周、3个月、6个月、1年的膝关节功能、疼痛以及力线纠正情况进行评估,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、美国西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学功能评分、膝关节外侧间隙变化、关节活动度、本体感觉(位置觉)、术后活动恢复速度等指标综合评判。结果与结论:(1)两组患者术前美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、美国西安大略大学和麦克马斯特大学功能评分、膝关节外侧间室大小均无显著差异;(2)术后4周单髁置换组的美国特种外科医院评分高于胫骨高位截骨组(P<0.05);在术后3,6个月,对比两组患者的改善情况,单髁置换组的美国特种外科医院评分低于胫骨高位截骨组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后6个月关节活动度屈曲值以及位置觉方面胫骨高位截骨组患者要优于单髁置换组(P<0.05);(3)在膝关节活动恢复速度方面单髁置换组要优于胫骨高位截骨组(P<0.05);(4)然而在术后1年的随访中,两组在美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、伸展方向活动度以及膝关节外侧间隙宽度变化上未见明显差异;(5)所有患者的随访数据均超过1年,且在随访期间均未发现不良并发症;(6)提示采用胫骨高位截骨治疗的内翻性膝骨关节炎患者膝关节功能恢复短期效果优于单髁置换患者,但两种方案治疗内翻性膝骨关节炎的中长期疗效无明显差异。

BACKGROUND:The treatment of early knee osteoarthritis can be achieved through two knee preservation treatments:Unicondylar knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy.However,further exploration is needed to determine whether there are differences in knee joint recovery between the two knee preservation surgeries at different stages after surgery.OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and related complications of unicondylar knee arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of varus osteoarthropathy of the knee,and to provide a reference for clinical decision.METHODS:A total of 103 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee underwent surgical treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from September 2018 to September 2022 were selected.Among them,86 patients were followed up for more than 1 year.According to different surgical methods,the patients were divided into unicondylar knee arthroplasty group(49 cases)and high tibial osteotomy group(37 cases).Knee function,pain,and line of force correction were evaluated before surgery,4 weeks,3 months,6 months,and 1 year after surgery in both groups.Hospital for special surgery knee score,functional score of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,changes of lateral space of the knee joint,range of motion,proprioception(position sense),and postoperative activity recovery speed were evaluated comprehensively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were no significant differences in preoperative hospital for special surgery knee score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score and lateral knee compartment size between the two groups.(2)The hospital for special surgery knee score of patients undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty was better than that of patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy within 4 weeks after surgery(P<0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,compared with the improvement of the two groups,the hospital for special surgery knee score in the unicondylar knee arthroplasty group was lower than that in the high tibial osteotomy group,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The range of motion flexion value and position perception of patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy were significantly better than those undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty 6 months after surgery(P<0.05).(3)The unicondylar knee arthroplasty group was better than the high tibial osteotomy group in terms of the speed of knee movement recovery(P<0.05).(4)However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the change of hospital for special surgery knee score,range of motion,and the width of lateral knee space during 1-year follow-up.(5)All patients were followed up for more than 1 year,and no adverse complications were found during the follow-up.(6)It is indicated that the short-term effect of knee functional recovery in patients with high tibial osteotomy is better than that in patients with unicondylar knee arthroplasty,but there is no significant difference in medium-and long-term efficacy between the two kinds of surgery for medial knee arthritis.