资源投入“内卷化”与乡村义务教育功能偏移——基于结构功能主义视角

The“Involution”of Resource Input and the Function Deviation of Rural Compulsory Education:From the Perspective of Structural Functionalism

推动县域内义务教育优质均衡是全面推进乡村振兴、实现中国式现代化的重要举措。当前,国家乡村教育资源投入效用较低,出现“投入增长,发展有限”的“内卷化”现象。这一现象与乡村教育功能发生三重偏移相关,具体表现为文化传播功能被挤压为抚育照料、社会化功能转化为“只教不育”以及选拔功能下降为保底式完成任务。基于结构功能主义视角进行分析发现,资源投入乡村教育并未推动教育系统中的学生系统、教师系统和课堂教学系统等子系统各自发挥功能并形成均衡结构关系,从而导致教育系统陷入功能偏移的“病态”后果。上述分析表明,国家教育资源投入需重视乡村教育结构并引导其达到平衡,才能推动教育功能的目标化实现,打破资源投入“内卷化”的困境。

Promoting the quality and balance of compulsory education in counties is an important measure for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and realizing Chinese-style modernization.At present,the effectiveness of national rural education resources input is low,and the phenomenon of“investment growth,limited development”appears.This phenomenon is related to the threefold shift of rural education function,which is manifested in that the cultural communication function is squeezed into caring,the socialization function is transformed into“teaching only infertile”,and the selection function is reduced to the completion of the task at the bottom.From the perspective of structural functionalism,it is found that resource investment in rural education does not promote the function of the subsystems of the education system,such as the student system,the teacher system and the classroom teaching system to play their respective functions and form a balanced structural relationship,which leads to the“pathological”consequence of functional deviation of the education system.The above analysis shows that the national education resource investment should pay attention to the rural education structure and guide it to achieve balance,in order to promote the realization of educational function and break the dilemma of resource investment.