黄花植株三维动态生长及产量模拟模型

Three-Dimensional Dynamic Growth and Yield Simulation Model of Daylily Plants

[目的/意义]为探究并表达环境因素对黄花各器官生长发育、形态结构和产量的影响,提出一种基于源库关系的黄花植株三维动态生长及产量模拟模型。[方法]以大同地区黄花主要栽培种植品种大同黄花为研究材料,采集黄花叶片、花葶、花蕾等形态数据和叶片光合生理参数,利用功能-结构植物模型(Functional-Structural Plant Model,FSPM)平台的三维建模技术,建立基于云量的室外地表太阳辐射模型及适配黄花的光合作用模型,同时基于黄花源库关系建立黄花光合产物碳分配模型,利用β生长函数构建黄花各器官生长模拟模型,计算黄花生长期内逐日形态数据,最终实现黄花植株三维动态生长及产量模拟。[结果和讨论]采用实测数据对模型进行检验。结果显示,室外地表太阳辐射实测值和模拟值R2为0.87;剩余标准差(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE)为28.52 W/m^(2),黄花各器官模拟模型实测值和预测值R^(2)为0.896~0.984,RMSE为1.4~17.7 cm;平均花蕾产量模拟R^(2)为0.880,RMSE为0.5 g;整体F值为82.244~1168.533,Sig.值均小于显著水平0.05,表明上述模型拟合度和显著性较好。[结论]模型能够准确地表现黄花植株在3个主要生长时期的生长规律和形态特征,模拟结果与实际情况相符合,表现出较高的可信度。因此,本模型具有理想的模拟效果,足以满足精细农业领域的研究需求。

[Objective]The daylily,a perennial herb in the lily family,boasts a rich nutritional profile.Given its economic importance,enhancing its yield is a crucial objective.However,current research on daylily cultivation is limited,especially regarding three-dimensional dynamic growth simulation of daylily plants.In order to establish a technological foundation for improved cultivation management,growth dynamics prediction,and the development of plant variety types in daylily crops,this study introduces an innovative threedimensional dynamic growth and yield simulation model for daylily plants.[Methods]The open-source GroIMP software platform was used to simulate and visualize three-dimensional scenes.With Datong daylily,the primary cultivated variety of daylily in the Datong area,as the research subject,a field experiment was conducted from March to September 2022,which covered the growth season of daylily.Through actual cultivation experiment measurements,morphological data and leaf photosynthetic physiological parameters of daylily leaves,flower stems,flower buds,and other organs were collected.The functional-structural plant model(FSPM)platform's three-dimensional modeling technology was employed to establish the Cloud Cover-based solar radiation models(CSRMs)and the Farquhar,von Camerer,and Berry model(FvCB model)suitable for daylily.Moreover,based on the source-sink relationship of daylily,the carbon allocation model of daylily photosynthetic products was developed.By using the β growth function,the growth simulation model of daylily organs was constructed,and the daily morphological data of daylily during the growth period were calculated,achieving the three-dimensional dynamic growth and yield simulation of daylily plants.Finally,the model was validated with measured data.[Results and Discussions]The coefficient of determination(R^(2))between the measured and simulated outdoor surface solar radiation was 0.87,accompanied by a Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE)of 28.52 W/m^(2).For the simulated model of each organ of the daylily plant,the R^(2) of the measured against the predicted values ranged from 0.896 to 0.984,with an RMSE varying between 1.4 and 17.7 cm.The R^(2) of the average flower bud yield simulation was 0.880,accompanied by an RMSE of 0.5 g.The overall F-value spanned from 82.244 to 1168.533,while the Sig.value was consistently below the 0.05 significance level,suggesting a robust fit and statistical significance for the aforementioned models.Subsequently,a thorough examination of the light interaction,temperature influences,and photosynthetic attributes of daylily leaves throughout their growth cycle was carried out.The findings revealed that leaf nutrition growth played a pivotal role in the early phase of daylily's growth,followed by the contribution of leaf and flower stem nutrition in the middle stage,and finally the growth of daylily flower buds,which is the crucial period for yield formation,in the later stages.Analyzing the photosynthetic traits of daylily leaves comprehensively,it was observed that the photosynthetic rate was relatively low in the early spring as the new leaves were initially emerging and reached a plateau during the summer.Considering real-world climate conditions,the actual net photosynthetic rate was marginally lower than the rate verified under optimal conditions,with the simulated net assimilation rate typically ranging from 2 to 4μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s).[Conclusions]The three-dimensional dynamic growth model of daylily plants proposed in this study can faithfully articulate the growth laws and morphological traits of daylily plants across the three primary growth stages.This model not only illustrates the threedimensional dynamic growth of daylily plants but also effectively mimics the yield data of daylily flower buds.The simulation outcomes concur with actual conditions,demonstrating a high level of reliability.