论江苏盐城滨海湿地再引入朱鹮的重要性

On the Importance of Introducing Crested Ibis into the Coastal Wetland of Yancheng,Jiangsu Province

朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)是国家一级保护动物、世界濒危鸟类,我国是世界上唯一有野生朱鹮分布的国家。朱鹮曾分布于我国东部沿海,在华东、东南沿海和台湾地区等地越冬,具有迁徙习性和在沿海滩涂觅食的能力。由于环境恶化、栖息地丧失和天敌等因素的影响,朱鹮迁徙种群已经灭绝,仅剩陕西省洋县7只野生不迁徙种群。经过40年的保护,近年来朱鹮就地保护、迁地保护工作成效突出,堪称世界拯救濒危物种的一个成功典范。然而现存朱鹮种群分布面积狭小、遗传多样性低、缺失迁徙能力,难以应对恶劣环境和传染病威胁。朱鹮再引入我国东部沿海滩涂生境,是重建朱鹮迁徙种群、提高朱鹮应对多变环境能力的一次勇敢尝试。该文旨在介绍朱鹮的历史发展、保护现状和讨论再引入滨海湿地的重要性。

The crested ibis(Nipponia nippon)is a national first-class protected animal and a globally endangered bird.China is the only country in the world with wild crested ibis distribution.Crested ibis was once distributed in the east coast of China,wintering in the east,southeast coast,Taiwan and other places,with migration habits and the ability to find food in the coastal mudflat.Due to factors such as environmental degradation,habitat loss,and natural enemies,the migratory population of Crested Ibis has become extinct,leaving only 7 wild non migratory populations in Yangxian,Shaanxi Province.After 40 years of conservation,the in situ and ex situ conservation of Crested Ibis has achieved outstanding results in recent years,making it a successful example of saving endangered species in the world.However,the existing Crested Ibis population has a narrow distribution area,low genetic diversity,and a lack of migration ability,making it difficult to cope with harsh environments and the threat of infectious diseases.The reintroduction of crested ibis into the coastal mudflat habitat in eastern China is a brave attempt to rebuild the crested ibis migratory population and improve its ability to cope with changing environments.This article aims to introduce the historical development,conservation status,and discuss the importance of reintroducing the crested ibis into coastal wetlands.