农民教育助力乡村建设百年探索的逻辑机理与实践进路

The Logic and Path for Villager Education to Assist the Centennial Exploration of Rural Construction

我国乡村建设探索至今已有百年。百年探索中,农民教育始终是助力乡村建设的关键举措,乡村建设也一直以农民教育为重要抓手。百年回眸,农民教育助力乡村建设的演进历程大致可以划分为助力挽救乡村与拯救民族阶段(1949年以前)、助力恢复与发展乡村生产建设阶段(1949—1977年)、助力乡村全面改革阶段(1978—1999年)、助力社会主义新农村建设阶段(2000—2011年)、助力农业农村现代化阶段(2012年至今)。这一历程演进揭示出农民教育的逻辑机理:新时代,农民教育在逻辑机理上要一以贯之,在科教兴农、农民“精神重建”与“理想再造”、农民综合素质素养提升、农民政治认同感增强与主体性激发、农民生态环保意识培育上推进乡村振兴。同时基于已有经验,从思想、理论、制度、体系以及行动上,探索更好的服务乡村振兴大计、民族复兴大局的实践路径。

China’s exploration of rural construction has a history of one hundred years,in which education has always been a key measure to assist rural construction that in turn has always been based on villager education.The centennial evolution can be roughly divided into the following five stages:the stage of assisting to relieve the villages and the nation(before 1949);the stage of assisting to restore and develop the rural production(1949—1978);the stage of assisting to reform the villages(1978—2000);the stage of assisting to construct a new socialist countryside(2000—2012);the stage of assisting to realize agricultural and rural modernization(2012 to now).This process shows that the key to promoting the construction of rural industry,culture,talent,organization and ecology through villager education lies in promoting agriculture through science and education,in villagers“spiritual rebuilding”and“ideal moulding”,in improving the villagers overall quality and capacity,in increasing their cultural identification and stimulating their subjectivity,and in cultivating ecological protection awareness.In the new era,the logic behind villager education should be the same,but the educational focus should be on rural revival.So we should draw on existing experiences to explore the practical path of how to better serve rural and national rejuvenation in such aspects as thought,theory,system and action.