论环境案件中赔偿影响量刑的实证检视及其规范路径

An Empirical Study and Normative Approach on the Influence of Compensation on Sentencing in Environmental Cases

生态环境损害赔偿制度确立积极履行赔偿责任能对量刑产生影响,回归理论,其是基于刑民一体化思维下对环境法益的确立、特殊预防理论的指引、民刑共治犯罪治理模式的选择,以及“环境有价、损害担责”原则与恢复性治理模式的有机融合。通过对1528份污染环境案件刑事判决书的实证研究发现,赔偿作为量刑情节的适用空间不足,应对其进行规范约束,赔偿本身的认定与其他金钱类责任容易混淆,赔偿的支付对象不确定及款项用途不明朗。鉴此,应将先刑后民与先民后刑的审理模式相结合,完善赔偿影响量刑的标准,赔偿的认定优先于其他金钱类责任,确立环境公益基金制度,以期进一步规范环境案件赔偿作为量刑要素的适用。

The establishment of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage can have an impact on sentencing by actively fulfilling the liability for compensation.Back to the theory,it is based on the re-establishment of environmental legal interests under the thought of criminal and civil integration,the choice of civil and criminal co-governance mode,and organic integration of the principle of“the environment has a price,and the damage bears the responsibility”and the restorative governance mode.By studying 1528 empirical cases of environmental pollution criminal judgments,it can be found that there is insufficient room for the application of compensation as a sentencing circumstance,compensation as a sentencing circumstance should be restricted,the identification of compensation itself is easily confused with other monetary responsibilities,and the object of compensation payment and the place of money are unclear.Therefore,in order to avoid falling into the ambiguity of“spending money to buy a sentence”,it is necessary to combine the trial mode of“criminal before civil”and“civil before criminal”,and the recognition of compensation takes priority over other monetary liabilities.It is also necessary to establish an environmental public welfare fund system and add environmental service orders to further standardize the application of compensation in environmental cases as a sentencing element.