“平衡”与“冲突”的定向过渡和循环迭代:教育中技术与伦理互动的外在表现和内在机制

Directional Transition and Cyclic Iteration of“Balance”and“Conflict”:The External Performances and Internal Mechanisms of the Interaction between Technology and Ethics in Education

教育领域关于技术伦理问题的研究逐渐增多,但存在着将“解决教育中的技术伦理危机”机械地理解为“杜绝该类问题发生”的情况。实质上,合理的理解方式应当是,实现教育领域技术与伦理互动状态由“冲突”向“平衡”定向过渡与循环迭代。这种理解方式的偏差,主要与既有研究对技术与伦理相互作用的外在表现与内在机制认识不足有关。通过分析发现,教育中二者互动的外在表现会以“平衡”和“冲突”两种方式呈现。当二者相互作用处于平衡状态时,表现为技术与伦理互相促进其发展与实现;当处于冲突状态时,则表现为技术阻碍伦理实现以及伦理阻碍技术的发展。二者互动的内在机制分为“平衡机制”与“冲突机制”两种。“平衡机制”是技术与伦理间形成和谐互动关系的具体过程;而“冲突机制”则是双方相互作用、使对方产生变化,推进对方向着适应自身的方向进行改变的机制。解决教育中的技术伦理问题的关键,则是以相应的“冲突机制”为依据,对技术与伦理间阻碍教育事业向好发展的一方进行调适,从而实现二者互动由“冲突”向“平衡”的过渡,达至对该类危机的化解,进而实现“平衡”与“冲突”间的循环迭代。

The research on technology-ethics issues in the field of education is increasing rapidly,but there is a mechanical understanding of“solving technology-ethics crises in education”as“preventing the occurrence of such problems”.A reasonable understanding should be achieving a directional transition and cyclic iteration between“conflict”and“balance”in the interactive state of technology and ethics in the field of education.This deviation of the understanding is mainly related to the insufficient cognition of the external performances and internal mechanisms of the interaction between technology and ethics in existing research.This study found that the external performances of the interaction between the two in education are presented in two ways:“balance”and“conflict”.When the interaction between the two is in a balanced state,it manifests as the mutual promotion of technology and ethics;when in a state of conflict,it manifests as technology hindering ethical realization and ethics hindering the development of technology.The internal mechanisms of interaction between the two are divided into two types:“balance mechanism”and“conflict mechanism”.The“balance mechanism”is the specific process of forming a harmonious interactive relationship between technology and ethics;the“conflict mechanism”refers to the specific process of one part adapting to the other and making changes.The key to solving the technology-ethics issues in education is to adapt the side between technology and ethics that hinders the development of education based on the“conflict mechanism”,so that realizing the directional transition and cyclic iteration from“conflict”to“balance”in the interaction of the two,and resolving such crises.