基于理想过程模型的探究学习评价——探究学习评价的新思路

Evaluation of Inquiry Learning Based on Its Ideal Process Model:A New Way to Evaluate Inquiry Learning

在教育情境下,探究学习被定义为旨在达到特定高阶能力目标的学习过程。因此,其评价应侧重于过程取向,而非结果取向。为刻画理想的探究学习过程并保留情境信息,特别是学习目标信息,需对特定的探究学习设计进行理想过程建模,所生成的理想过程模型可作为评价实际发生的探究学习的标尺。探究学习的理想过程建模包括以下五个步骤:(1)完成探究学习的详案设计;(2)绘制探究学习活动所蕴含的知识建模图;(3)具体描述探究学习的整体过程;(4)将探究学习整个过程划分为多个环节,并绘制探究环节图;(5)将所有环节图按照探究学习的一般过程连接成一个整体,形成理想过程模型。对实际发生的探究学习也应进行上述操作,并在完成预处理后,生成探究学习的真实过程模型。通过比较真实过程模型与理想过程模型,找出差异点,依此可以评估实际发生的探究学习。这种评价方法不仅有助于了解探究学习的质量,还能为探究学习设计的改进提供反馈,更为重要的是,它可以使探究学习成为日常教学的一部分。

In the context of education,inquiry learning is defined as a learning process aimed at achieving specific higher-order competency goals.Therefore,its evaluation should focus on the process orientation rather than the result orientation.In order to describe the ideal inquiry learning process and retain the contextual information,especially the learning objective information,it is necessary to model the ideal process for a specific inquiry learning design.The generation of the ideal process model can be used as a yardstick to evaluate the actual occurrence of inquiry learning.The ideal process modeling includes five steps:(1)design the inquiry learning plan in detail,(2)draw knowledge modeling diagram implied in the plan,(3)describe the whole process of inquiry learning in detail,(4)cut the whole process into several stages and draw the stage diagrams,(5)according to the general process of inquiry learning,all links are connected into a whole to form an ideal process model.The above operations should also be carried out for the actual inquiry learning,and the real process model of inquiry learning should be generated after the preprocessing.By comparing the real process model with the ideal process model of an inquiry learning activity,we can identify differences to evaluate that inquiry learning activity.This evaluation method can not only help us perceive the quality of inquiry learning but also provide feedback for improving the design of inquiry learning.More importantly,it can make inquiry learning a routine part of daily teaching.