对汉语少声调官话方言发展过程的思考

Thinking on the Development of Chinese Less Tone Mandarin Dialects

部分汉语官话方言中存在着与普通话四声调格局不同的两声调、三声调格局现象,本文称之为少声调官话方言。前人对这种声调格局形成的原因有过一些探讨,如:受阿尔泰语系语言影响而导致的“阿尔泰化”或不同声调调值较近而导致了合并。本文首先将汉语少声调官话方言划分为两大主要片区:西北片区与环渤海片区,然后分别对这两个片区声调格局形成的原因进行了分析,认为语言外部力量与语言内部调整机制在这两个片区内分别起到了主导作用,并讨论了相关问题。

Some Chinese mandarin dialects have two-tone or three-tone patterns,which are different from the four-tone pattern of Putonghua,which are called less-tone mandarin dialects in this paper.Previous studies have discussed the reasons for the formation of such a tonal pattern,such as"Altaicization"caused by the influence of Altaic languages or the merging of different tonal values.This paper first divides Chinese less-tone mandarin dialects into two main areas:the northwest area and the Bohai Rim area,and then analyzes the reasons for the formation of the tonal patterns in these two areas respectively.It is believed that the external forces and internal adjustment mechanisms of language play a dominant role in these two areas,and some related issues are discussed.