基于粉末床技术的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金研究进展

Research advances in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing AlSi10Mg alloy

基于粉末床技术的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金,因其快速制造、设计灵活性高、成本低等优势,在汽车和航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,由工艺参数不当引起的孔隙和裂纹等缺陷,以及与熔池相关的独特微观结构,仍然影响打印部件的性能,这是激光选区熔化(SLM)面临的主要问题之一。而在电子束选区熔化(EBM)制造AlSi10Mg合金中,元素蒸发导致的强度下降是其主要问题,且技术应用较少。本文对SLM和EBM两类技术在AlSi10Mg合金中的应用现状和难点问题进行了总结与对比,两类技术所制造的打印部件在组织和性能上呈现出明显的差异。求解工艺−组织−性能之间的关系,以及开发增材制造技术(AM)专用合金粉末体系,是SLM和EBM技术打印AlSi10Mg合金共同面临的挑战,因此有必要进行综合考虑。同时,针对这些问题,本文讨论了未来的研究方向与发展趋势。

Powder bed fusion based additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg alloy has broad application prospects in fields such as automobiles and aerospace due to its advantages of rapid manufacturing,high design flexibility,and low cost.However,defects such as pore and cracks caused by improper process parameters,as well as unique microstructures associated with the melt pool,still affect the performance of printed parts,which is one of the main problems faced by SLM.In the production of AlSi10Mg alloy by EBM,the decrease in strength caused by element evaporation is the main problem,and the technical application is rarely used.This paper summarized and compared the application status and difficulties of selective laser melting(SLM)and electron beam melting(EBM)in AlSi10Mg alloy.The as-built parts printed by the two technologies show obvious difference in microstructure and performance.The solution of the process-structure-property relationship and the development of AM-specific alloy powder systems are common challenges for both,so it is necessary to consider them comprehensively.At the same time,in response to these problems,the future research directions and development trends are discussed.