有童年创伤的小学生同伴攻击和同伴受侵害类型及其情绪适应:基于潜在剖面分析

Patterns of Peer Aggression and Victimization Behaviors among Primary School Students with Childhood Trauma and Links to Emotional Adaptation:Based on Latent Profile Analysis

全球每年约有三成左右的学生卷入校园欺凌,主要体现在同伴攻击与同伴受侵害行为上。以739名五年级和六年级小学生为研究对象,根据童年创伤量表(简版)(CTQ-SF)筛选出有童年创伤经历的212名小学生。采用潜在剖面分析方法,探索同伴攻击和同伴受侵害类型,进一步探讨童年创伤经历、攻击和受侵害类型、情绪适应三者之间的关系。结果显示:(1)对于有童年创伤经历的小学生,攻击和受侵害类型可分为三类:低攻击-低受侵害型(42.45%)、中攻击-中受侵害型(43.40%)、高攻击-高受侵害型(14.15%)。(2)攻击和受侵害程度与情绪适应存在负相关,在消极情绪的得分上,高攻击-高受侵害型被试得分显著高于其他类型;在积极情绪的得分上,低攻击-低受侵害型被试得分与其他类型无显著差异。(3)所在年级、是否为留守儿童对有童年创伤经历的小学生同伴攻击和受侵害的潜在分类有显著影响。因此,建议关爱儿童心理健康,预防童年创伤;培养儿童的人际交往能力,建立健康的同伴关系;帮助儿童建立正确观念,习得情绪调节方法,促进他们的健康发展。

Approximately one third of students worldwide engage in school bullying each year,mainly manifested in peer aggression and victimization behaviors.This study takes 739 fifth and sixth grade elementary school students as a sample,and among them it identifies 212 students with childhood trauma experiences using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form(CTQ-SF).Based on the latent profile analysis(LPA),the study explores the types of aggression and victimization among these students and further discusses the relationship between childhood trauma experiences,aggression-victimization types,and emotional adaptation.The results are shown as below:(1) Among primary school students with childhood trauma experiences,aggression-victimization types can be categorized into three types:low aggression-low victimization type C1(42.45%),moderate aggression-moderate victimization type C2(43.40%),high aggression-high victimization type C3(14.15%).(2) Aggression and victimization levels are negatively correlated with emotional adaptation;in negative emotion scores,the high aggression-high victimization type(C3) significantly scores higher than other types;in positive emotion scores,the low aggression-low victimization type(C1) shows no significant difference compared to other types.(3) Grade level,and whether being a left-behind child,are significant influential factors on the latent classification of peer aggression and victimization among primary school students with childhood trauma experiences.Therefore,it is recommended to care for children′s mental health and prevent childhood trauma;develop children′s interpersonal skills and build healthy peer relationships;help children to develop positive attitudes,learn adaptive emotion regulation strategies,and promote their healthy development.