中小学生心理危机评估“三五”模型建构——基于北京市中小学生心理危机评估方案

Construction of the "Three-Five" Assessment Model——Based on the Project of Psychological Crisis Assessment of Primary and Secondary School Students in Beijing

通过分析44份北京市校级心理危机评估方案,发现中小学生心理危机评估存在忽视危机当事人的主体性、缺少对危机类型的认识与评估、心理危机评估维度单一等问题。基于实践取向,借鉴现有评估工具和研究结果,建构整合式“三五”评估模型,针对家长、教师、同伴、学校环境、当事人五个评估对象,聚类成长性、境遇性、存在性、健康性和混合性五类心理危机,进一步细化心理危机评估的紧急程度、严重程度、伦理与法律、社会影响和资源五个维度,为更准确、有效开展中小学生心理危机评估提供支持。

Through the analysis of 44 school-level psychological crisis assessment programs in Beijing,it is found that there are many problems in the assessment of psychological crisis among primary and secondary school students,such as ignoring the subjectivity of crisis party,lacks of understanding and assessment of crisis types,single dimension of psychological crisis assessment and so on.Based on the practice orientation,the study draws on the existing assessment tools and research results,and constructs an integrated "three-five" assessment model.The model targets at five main subjects including parents,teachers,peers,school environment and the crisis party,and focuses on five types of crises relevant to students′ growth,circumstance,existence,health and a mixed crisis,further refining the five dimensions of psychological crisis assessment from its urgency,severity,ethics and law,social impact and resources,which can provide supports for more accurate and effective assessment of primary and secondary school students′ psychological crisis.