煤矸石井下原位智能分选充填技术研究进展

Research progress on in-situ intelligent sorting and filling technology of coal gangue underground

传统井下煤矸石需运输至地面处理,不仅占用地面国土空间、自燃或雨水淋滤造成大气与环境污染,而且长距离无效运输造成的能源消耗问题已成为制约煤矿低碳发展的关键瓶颈。为实现煤矿矸石不出井,从煤炭生产源头减少碳排放与单位产出能源资源消耗,实现煤炭的绿色低碳智能开采,回顾了煤矸石井下分选充填技术现状及智能化进展,并在此基础上展望煤矸石井下分选充填技术发展趋势,提出了煤矸石井下原位绿色智能分选、充填新方法,详细阐述了煤矸智能分选机及新型充填液压支架的结构及原理,以最大化缩短矸石无效运输距离。为处理采煤工作面矸石,预防煤岩动力灾害,提出了包含少矸化智能开采系统、原位智能分选系统、工作面矿压反演系统、精准科学充填系统四大子系统的煤矿井下采选充智能一体化系统,并探讨了各子系统间的新环逻辑关系,以形成采煤利于分选、分选利于充填、充填利于采煤的良性循环。为处理掘进工作面矸石,提出了包含智能快掘系统、智能分选系统、煤矸分运系统、智能充填系统四大子系统的煤矿井下掘选充智能一体化系统,并对各子系统所负责工作及智能化实现进行了阐述。所提出的新工艺有望实现煤矿矸石不出井,并为煤矸石原位智能分选充填方法及采选充一体化系统的研究提供新思路。

Coal gangue needs to be transported to the ground for further treatment in traditional underground mines,which not only occupies land spaces,but also causes atmospheric and environmental pollutions due to spontaneous combustion and rainwater leaching.Moreover,energy consumption problems caused by long-distance ineffective transportation have become a key bottleneck restricting the low-carbon development of coal mines.In order to realize the underground disposal of coal gangue,and to reduce carbon emission and energy resource consumption per unit output from the source of coal production,as well as to realize the green low-carbon intelligent mining of coal,the present situation and intelligent progress of underground sorting and filling technology of coal gangue are comprehensively reviewed,and in this regard,the developing trend of underground sorting and filling technology of coal gangue is also anticipated.Meanwhile,an innovative method of underground in-situ green intelligent sorting and filling of coal gangue is proposed,and the structure and principle of coal gangue intelligent sorting and new filling hydraulic support are described in detail,so as to minimize the invalid transportation distance of gangue.In order to deal with the gangue of coal mining face and prevent the dynamic disaster of coal and rock,an intelligent integrated system of mining,sorting and filling in coal mine is designed,including four subsystems,i.e.,an intelligent mining system with less gangue,an in-situ intelligent sorting system,a mine pressure inversion system of working face and a precise scientific filling sys-tem.Meanwhile,new logic relationships among multiple subsystems are discussed,so as to form a virtuous cycle of coal mining conducive to sorting,sorting conducive to filling and filling conducive to coal mining.In order to deal with the gangue in the heading face,an intelligent integrated system of underground excavation,aimed at sorting and filling in coal mine is proposed also with four subsystems,i.e.,an intelligent fast excavation system,an intelligent sorting system,a coal gangue transportation system and an intelligent filling system,and the work and intelligent realization of each subsystem are described.The proposed new process in this study is expected to realize the underground disposal of coal gangue,and provide new ideas for the research of in-situ intelligent sorting and filling method of coal gangue and the integrated system of mining,sorting and filling.