营商环境如何影响木材加工企业出口多元化?

How have urban business environments affected export diversification of wood processing enterprises?

出口多元化战略是中国对外贸易发展的基本战略之一,营商环境优化是从制度改革层面提升中国企业国际竞争优势的重要探索。文章基于地级市营商环境观测数据和木材加工企业2008-2016年的非平衡面板数据,采用系统GMM等方法,评估营商环境对样本企业出口多元化的影响。研究结果表明:(1)营商环境对木材加工企业出口多元化具有显著正面效应,区域营商环境每提升1个单位,木材加工企业出口产品和市场多元化水平可分别提升1.5176个单位和10.9525个单位。(2)异质性检验发现,营商环境对木制品及木家具制造企业、规模较小企业、运营能力较弱企业和东部地区企业出口多元化正面效应强于其他类型企业。(3)影响机制检验发现,区域营商环境优化通过促进技术创新、降低经营成本而提升木材加工企业出口多元化水平。相比现有文献,文章使用的数据更利于评估营商环境影响企业出口多元化的真实效应,补充了营商环境优化助推出口多元化战略的微观证据,完善了营商环境对企业出口多元化的影响机制。基于研究结论,提出政策启示:加快推进林业领域营商环境优化进程;继续推动地方政府深化营商环境优化工作;重视不同类型企业对营商环境的差异化诉求;夯实激励木材加工企业科技创新的营商环境,增强木材加工业新质生产力。

Export diversification strategy is one of basic strategies of China's foreign trade development,while improvement of business environment(IBE)is an important exploration to enhance Chinese enterprises'international competitiveness through institutional reform.Based on the business environment observation data of prefecture-level cities and the non-balanced panel data of wood processing enterprises(WPEs)from 2008 to 2016,by using sys-GMM and other methods,this paper evaluated the impacts of business environment(BE)on sample enterprises'export diversification.The results showed that:(1)The BE had a significantly positive effect on the WPEs'export diversification.For every 1 unit of improvement in the regional business environment,the WPEs'export products and market diversification level would be increased by 1.5176 units and 10.9525 units,respectively.(2)The heterogeneity tests found that the BE's positive effect on export diversification was stronger for wood products and wood furniture manufacturing enterprises,smaller enterprises,enterprises with weaker operation capacity and enterprises in eastern China than for other types of enterprises.(3)The inspection of influencing mechanism found that regional IBE promoted WPEs'export diversification level by promoting technological innovation and reducing operating costs.Compared with existing literature,the data used in this paper was more conducive to assessing the BE's real effect on enterprises'export diversification,which added a micro-evidence that the IBE could boost export diversification strategy,and improved influence mechanism of business environment on export diversification.This paper put forward policy implications:Firstly,to accelerate efforts to improve business environment in forestry field.Secondly,to encourage local governments to optimize business environment.Thirdly,to pay attention to different types of enterprises'differentiated demands on business environment.Fourthly,to consolidate business environment of encouraging WPEs'scientific and technological innovation,and enhance the new quality productivity of wood processing industry.