清水江文书中的“用益物权”

“Usufructuary Rights” in Qingshuijiang Documents

清水江文书中的“用益物权”,以“讨”字文书的形式呈现。清水江文书中的地役权存在着“需役物”与供役地等不典型的地役权以及需役地与供役地的典型地役权两种模式;清水江文书中的居住权同样具有典型的“居住权”以及“保留占有、使用权买卖”的居住权两种模式;清水江文书中所呈现出的土地承包经营权则在占有、使用、收益的权利方面存在明显的限制性。纵观清水江文书中的三种用益物权,其背后蕴涵了以“礼”为主的法治观念价值和以“和谐”为主的法治实践价值,其对解决目前民法典用益物权编的某些现实问题以及建设中国特色社会主义法治体系均可能做出有益贡献。

The“usufructuary rights”in Qingshuijiang Documents are presented in the form of“tao zi”(to borrow)contract.There are two types of easements in Qingshuijiang Documents,that is,the atypical one of“dominant property”and servient tenement,and the typical one of dominant tenement and servient tenement.As for the right of occupancy in the documents,there are also two patterns:the typical“right of occupancy”,and the right of occupancy of“reservation of possession and the sale of the right to use”.For the land contract and management rights,the documents made obvious limitations in terms of the rights of possession,usage,and profit.An overview of the three kinds of usufructuary rights appeared in Qingshuijiang Documents reveals the concept of the rule of law based on“rite”and the practical value of the rule of law based on“harmony”,which may make a useful contribution to the solution of certain practical problems in the usufructuary rights section of the Civil Code,as well as to the construction of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics.