基于PPRR理论的自然灾害冲击下基层社区应急治理能力研究

Emergency Management Capacity of Communities Under the Impact of Natural Disasters:A Perspective of PPRR Theory

基层社区作为社会治理的终端,其应急治理韧性化发挥着减缓灾害冲击的“软垫效应”。随着城市化规模扩大、进程加快和灾害场景演化,城市社区面临的系统性风险增加,应急治理暴露出一些短板和弱项,全国各大城市纷纷采取措施强化基层的应急能力建设。本文依据PPRR理论构建自然灾害冲击下基层社区全流程的应急治理能力评价体系,以成都市为例综合分析基层社区应急治理中存在的问题,从社区处置救援能力、应急基础资源保障、监测预警排查能力和灾后总结改善四个方面,提出促进基层社区防灾减灾实现高效能应急治理的对策建议。

As the terminal of social governance,the communities'emergency management plays the role of"cushions"in alleviating the impact of disasters.With the expansion of urbanization,the acceleration of the process and the evolution of disaster scenarios,urban communities are facing increased systemic security risks,and emergency management has exposed weaknesses.Major cities across the country have taken measures to enhance emergency response capacity at the community level.Based on the PPRR theory,this paper constructs an evaluation system for the whole-process emergency management of communities under the impact of natural disasters,and comprehensively analyzes the problems in community emergency management by taking Chengdu as an example.Countermeasures are proposed to enhance communities'capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation to achieve efficient emergency management from four aspects:community emergency rescue capacity,emergency resources guarantee,monitoring and early warning ability,and post-disaster summary and improvement.