2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村饮用水监测结果分析

Analysis of the monitoring results of rural drinking water in Banan district,Chongqing,China,2018—2022

目的分析2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村生活饮用水的卫生情况,了解该地区饮用水水质的变化趋势,并为水质管理和规划改善提供理论依据。方法收集整理2018—2022年巴南区农村生活饮用水的监测信息,根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)判断其达标情况。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验分析重庆市巴南区农村饮用水在不同年份、水期、水样、水源类型以及消毒方式下的达标率差异。结果2018—2022年,重庆市巴南区共监测农村饮用水460份,达标率为81.30%。5年内水样达标率存在差异(χ^(2)=13.05,P=0.011),但没有明显的上升趋势(P趋势=0.083)。不同水期和水样类型下的达标率差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。不同水源类型(χ^(2)=16.89,P<0.001)、不同消毒方式(χ^(2)=12.22,P=0.002)的水样达标率存在明显差异。在丰水期,江河水源的生活饮用水达标率(96.88%)普遍高于来自水库(85.06%)和其他类型水源(包括沟塘和深井水)(54.17%)的水样达标率(χ^(2)=14.52,P<0.001)。在枯水期使用液氯和次氯酸钠消毒的生活饮用水明显高于二氧化氯消毒的水源(χ^(2)=14.03,P<0.001)。同一水源中,使用复合二氧化氯消毒的达标率在枯水期(90.63%)高于丰水期(81.25%)(χ^(2)=4.66,P=0.031)。在所有检验指标中,微生物指标的合格率较低,为83.26%。结论2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村饮用水的卫生安全有待提高,其中微生物指标是其主要影响因素。该地区应加强对农村饮用水从“源头”到“水龙头”的监管和保护,从根本上提高饮用水质量,以保障居民的健康。

Objective To analyze the sanitary situation of rural drinking water and the change in drinking water quality in Banan district,Chongqing,China,from 2018 to 2022,and to provide a theoretical basis for management and planning improvement of local water quality.Methods The monitoring data of rural drinking water in Banan district from 2018 to 2022 were collected and sorted out,and the qualified rate was determined according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006).The chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used to compare the qualified rates of rural drinking water in Banan district between different years,different water periods,different water samples,different water source types,and different disinfection methods(the level of significance,α=0.05).Results A total of 460 rural drinking water samples were monitored in Banan district from 2018 to 2022,and 374 were qualified,with a qualified rate of 81.30%.The qualified rate of drinking water differed significantly in the five years(χ^(2)=13.05,P=0.011),but there was no significant upward trend(P trend=0.083).The qualified rates of drinking water showed no significant differences between different water periods and water sample types(P>0.05),but was significantly different between different water source types(χ^(2)=16.89,P<0.001)and different disinfection methods(χ^(2)=12.22,P=0.002).During the wet season,the qualified rate of drinking water from river water sources(96.88%)was significantly higher than that from reservoirs(85.06%)and other types of water sources(ditches,ponds,and deep wells,54.17%;χ^(2)=14.52,P<0.001).In the dry season,the qualified rate of drinking water disinfected with liquid chlorine and sodium hypochlorite was significantly higher than that of water sources disinfected with chlorine dioxide(χ^(2)=14.03,P<0.001).For the same water source,the qualified rate of water disinfected with chlorate-based chlorine dioxide was significantly higher during the dry season(90.63%)than during the wet season(81.25%;χ^(2)=4.66,P=0.031).Among all the tested indices,the qualified rate of the microbial index was the lowest at 83.26%.Conclusion The monitoring result of rural drinking water in Banan district of Chongqing during 2018 to 2022 indicate the need for improvement in sanitary safety,and the microbial index is the main influencing factor.The region should strengthen the supervision and protection of rural drinking water from the source to the tap,fundamentally increasing the quality of drinking water to ensure the health of residents.