牲畜 图腾 异豕--以唐志怪故事中“猪”的书写为中心

Livestock,Totem,Different Boars--Centering on the Writing of"Pigs"in Tang's Stories of the Magical and the Weird

作为最早被驯养的牲畜之一,“猪”不论是在人们的日常生活中还是在文学作品中,都有较强的存在感。唐代四部志怪笔记《酉阳杂俎》《纪闻》《玄怪录》和《广异记》中,也有一定数量的故事对“猪”进行了截然不同的书写,塑造了不同类型的“猪”形象。对这些类型进行整理分析,可以了解当时人们的生活状态,感受人们对“猪”认知观念的复杂性,窥见其背后蕴涵的象征意味与文化内涵。该文通过列举相关故事条目,反映其分布情况,并将“猪”划分为特别的牲畜、星斗的化身、奇异的精怪,以及现形的厕神四种类型。在类别划分的基础上,得出唐人对这一物种的看法既延续了先人对“猪”的原始崇拜,又体现了当时人们对猪生物性的认知,还受到特殊环境下将其神异化的影响。

As one of the earliest domesticated livestock,"pigs"have a strong presence in both people's daily lives and literary works.There are also a certain number of stories in the Four Chronicles of the Tang Dynasty,including Youyang Zazu,Ji Wen,Xuan Guai Lu,and Guang Yi Ji,that depict"pigs"in completely different ways,shaping different types of"pig"images.By organizing and analyzing these types,we can understand the living conditions of contemporary people,feel the complexity of people's cognitive concepts of"pigs",and glimpse the symbolic and cultural connotations behind them.This article lists relevant story items to reflect their distribution,and divides"pigs"into four types:special livestock,incarnations of stars,strange monsters,and emerging toilet gods.On the basis of classification,it is concluded that the Tang people's view on this species not only continues the primitive worship of"pigs"by their ancestors,but also reflects the recognition of the biological nature of pigs by contemporary people.At the same time,it is also influenced by the deification of pigs in special environments.