锂枝晶生长机制与抑制策略

Research progress on mechanism of lithium dendrite growth and inhibition strategies

锂电池中不规则的树状锂枝晶生长导致电池电化学性能受限、寿命短和安全性低,成为锂电池技术发展的重要障碍。总结了锂枝晶的生长机制和抑制策略,分为4种锂枝晶生长模型(表面成核与扩散模型、异质成核模型、空间电荷模型和固体电解质界面膜模型)。根据锂枝晶的生长模型,分类阐释了近年来的抑制策略,包括隔膜修饰、电极设计和电解质改良。研究结果表明,开发Janus膜和隔膜涂层材料是最有前景的隔膜修饰方法;通过施加磁场、涂覆涂层等方法改进锂金属阳极是有效的电极设计策略;凝胶电解质是未来电解质改良的发展趋势之一。锂枝晶的抑制策略研究为开发高性能锂电池提供了方向。

The irregular growth of dendritic lithium in lithium batteries limits their electrochemical performance,shortens their lifespan,and reduces their safety,becoming a significant obstacle to the development of lithium battery technology.This article summarizes the growth mechanism and inhibition strategies of lithium dendrites,including four models of lithium dendrite growth:surface nucleation and diffusion model,heterogeneous nucleation model,space charge model,and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)model.Based on the growth models of lithium dendrites,this article categorizes and explains the recent inhibition strategies,including membrane modification,electrode design,and electrolyte improvement.The research results indicate that the development of Janus membranes and membrane coating materials is the most promising membrane modification method.Improving the lithium metal anode through methods such as applying a magnetic field and coating layers is an effective electrode design strategy.Gel electrolytes are one of the future trends in electrolyte improvement.The study of lithium dendrite inhibition strategies provides direction for the development of high-performance lithium batteries.