社会心理服务:城市民族社区治理的路径创新

Social Psychological Service:An Innovated Path for the Governance of Urban Ethnic Communities

城市民族社区治理是社会治理的重要内容,体现出铸牢中华民族共同体意识、促进各民族间交往交流交融、提升社区治理效能的国家需要,但鲜有研究探索社会心理路径对城市民族社区治理的潜力。当前城市民族社区治理面临三方面心理秩序失衡:社会适应与社会关系重构导致民族归属感失序、大众传媒与精神文化需要不匹配导致社区居民获得感空心化、社区结构差异与治理动力不足导致居民参与感欠缺。社会心理服务有助于创新城市民族社区治理路径并提升治理效能,可从三方面开展工作:提振民族文化多样性认同与尊重,促进铸牢中华民族共同体意识,凝聚中华民族多元一体归属感;助力社区成员城市融入,增进各民族交往交流交融,在社会融合中体验获得感;依托多民族社区自治服务组织,激发社区成员参与社区发展工作的热情,培养具有参与感的行动力量。城市民族社区中社会心理服务的赋能基础包括慎待心理健康化的服务理念、建设自治服务组织优化服务模式、突出民族特色并加强民族人才队伍建设等方面,最终助力实现城市民族社区治理从社区到社会的场域转移与从心理到治理的功能转型。

Currently,governance over urban ethnic communities has been facing three kinds of psychological imbalances:First,results reveal social adaptation and social relationship reconstruction have contributed to a disordered sense of belonging among ethnic minorities;second,the disparity between mainstream media and the spiritual and cultural needs of urban ethnic peoples have resulted in the hollowing out of their sense of gaining;third,variations in community structure and insufficient motivation in governance have been leading to a lack of participation.This article therefore argues that these psychological imbalances conceivably hinder the space and efficiency of urban ethnic community governance.Thus,it is necessary to integrate social psychological approaches into the governance of urban ethnic communities.This paper furthermore holds that governance over urban ethnic communities should prioritize forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation,while fostering communication,interaction,and integration among ethnic groups.Moreover,the following three“products”should be“developed”within the“field”of the communities:Positive methods for ethnic peoples to understand social reality,active attitudes to take part in social activities,and a strong desire to blend into social life.To promote governance efficiency of social psychological service in urban ethnic communities and represent the ethnic features of the social psychological service in urban ethnic communities,this paper suggests three aspects of social psychological service:1)It is deemed essential to improve recognition and respect of ethnic culture diversities,foster a sense of community for the Chinese nation,and cohere the sense of belonging to the Chinese nation.This means that social psychological services in urban ethnic communities need to eliminate ethnic boundaries,while improving the correct cognition of cultural diversity under the same national identity.Additionally,a basic consciousness for the shequ(or physical living space)community,making it the soil of consciousness of the Chinese national community;2)members of ethnic communities should be aided to adapt to urban society,and multi-ethnic communication,interaction,and integration promoted to make them experience a sense of reaping benefits.This would require getting rid of institutional or psychological exclusion in the daily life of ethnic communities,ensuring that they are“seen”in public space,and creating possibilities for inter-ethnic expressions,communications,and understandings;3)community members enthusiasm in participating in community development should be awakened,and action power relying on multi-ethnic community autonomous service organization cultivated.This could help to take advantage of identity closeness inside the group,enabling the service providers to recognize people who need help and what is needed accurately.During the construction process of the social psychological service system,a series of experiences and lessons have been learned.These may help us to understand the possibility of providing social psychological services in urban ethnic communities.To establish a strong foundation for social psychological services in ethnic metropolitan groups,the focal points should be a careful service concept for psychological health,building autonomous service organizations,optimizing service models,highlighting ethnic characteristics,and strengthening the construction of talent teams.Social psychological service is an innovative approach to urban ethnic community governance.It potentially can contribute to the transformation of communities into society as a whole,and the transformation of psychology into governance.