基于三维激光扫描技术的数据建模分析研究——以某学校校门为例

Analysis of data modelling based on 3D laser scanning technology:An example from a school gate

以往对三维物体的测量主要是通过GPS接收机或者全站仪,虽然其具有全天候、高速度等优点,但对结构复杂、数据量庞大的三维目标体进行构筑时,往往存在信息采集缺失、总体效率不高等问题。有别于传统测量方法,20世纪90年代出现并于新近快速发展起来的三维激光扫描技术可直接获取海量三维物体外观坐标(点云),具有普适性、高自动化等优势。对三维激光扫描技术采集的点云数据进行专业处理,可以实现兼顾效率与准确度的坐标分析、数据建模、动画仿真等高级产出,从而为系统工程实现奠定基础。本文以某学校校门建模为例,详细介绍了三维激光扫描技术原理及操作流程,成功对校门进行数据建模,实现了校门的三维数字化展示。通过建模结果与实际情况对比,验证了三维激光扫描技术在复杂空间体精细构建的有效性,进一步表明该技术可以为古建筑的设计及修复、工业设计及生产、变形监测等领域提供技术服务。

In the past,measurement of three-dimensional objects was mainly carried out by using GPS receivers or total stations,but when constructing ones with complex structures and huge amounts of data,the traditional methods often suffer from missing information in acquisition and inefficiency of the process as a whole.Instead,3D laser scanning technology,which appeared in the 1990 s and has developed rapidly recently,can directly acquire massive appearance coordinates of a 3D object(point cloud),which has great advantages such as universality and high automation.In addition,professional processing of point cloud data acquired by 3D laser scanning can achieve coordinate analysis,data modelling,animation simulation and other advanced outputs that take into account the efficiency and accuracy,thus laying the foundation for the realization of system engineering.Focusing on a school gate,this paper introduces the principle and operation process of 3D laser scanning in detail,successfully models the school gate with data,and realizes the 3D digital display of the gate.By comparing the modelling results with the actual situation,it verifies the effectiveness of the technology in the fine construction of complex spatial bodies,and further shows that the technology can provide technical services for the design and restoration of ancient buildings,industrial design and production,deformation monitoring and other fields.